Estigma en salud mental en los estudiantes de cuarto de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Zaragoza

Las personas con trastorno mental, en muchas ocasiones, son consideradas desde una perspectiva negativa teniendo que hacer frente a un doble objetivo, el propio derivado de la enfermedad y el que se crea debido al estigma social. Por ello, es muy necesaria una concienciación social e información sobre este ámbito.El presente trabajo de fin de grado consiste en un análisis del nivel de estigma de los/as estudiantes de cuarto de trabajo social de la universidad de Zaragoza, mediante una muestra de 61 personas. Esto se ha realizado mediante la recogida de información y análisis posterior de una encuesta realizada a esta población, principalmente acerca de determinadas actitudes que tienen o tendrían con personas con problemas de salud mental.<br /

Actualización de la enfermedad renal crónica en la especie canina

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se define como la presencia de anormalidades estructurales o funcionales en uno u ambos riñones, durante al menos tres meses y con repercusiones para la salud. Está considerada como una de las patologías con mayor importancia en la clínica de pequeños animales y presenta una elevada prevalencia en la población canina. La etiología de la ERC puede ser congénita, adquirida o idiopática, y, en lo que respecta a su cuadro clínico, la poliuria-polidipsia se presenta con una alta frecuencia. No obstante, también pueden aparecer otras manifestaciones como anorexia, vómitos, diarreas, hipertensión arterial, palidez de mucosas, debilidad, mal aspecto del pelo o desorientación, dependiendo de la situación específica de cada enfermo. El diagnóstico precoz y la clasificación de su estadio son necesarios para establecer un plan terapéutico adecuado y eficaz. Gracias a los avances en la investigación sobre estos aspectos, el pronóstico de la ERC está mejorando considerablemente y, en consecuencia, la calidad de vida de nuestros pacientes.<br /

An Attentional bias modification task, through virtual reality and eye-tracking technologies, to enhance the treatment of anorexia nervosa

Mirror exposure therapies (METs) have been shown to be effective in reducing body image disturbances through the habituation process. Virtual reality (VR) combined with eye-tracking techniques can provide innovative solutions to some of METs' limitations reported with patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), especially the negative influence of body-related attentional bias (AB). This pilot study aimed to assess the preliminary efficacy of a new VR-based AB modification task (ABMT) among healthy women and the procedure's user experience. AB levels towards weight- and non-weight-related body parts, using complete fixation time (CFT) and number of fixations (NF), were assessed throughout the ABMT procedure (300 trials). The user experience was evaluated at the end of the procedure. The results showed that VR-based ABMT was effective in reducing AB significantly after 150 trials for both CFT- and NF-based measures, although 225 trials were necessary to get the same result for women with an NF initially more oriented towards weight-related body parts. Overall, the software received a 'C-rating' on a scale from 'A' (most usable) to 'F' (least usable). These results provide evidence of the opportunity to use a VR-based ABMT procedure to reduce AB and improve existing treatments for AN

Attentional Bias Modification Training Based on Virtual Reality and Eye Tracking in Anorexia Nervosa Patients

Anorexia nervosa (AN) patients exhibit attentional bias (AB) related to the body, which is the tendency to pay greater attention to weight-related body areas compared to non-weight-related ones. This phenomenon has been linked to elevated levels of body dissatisfaction (BD) and may potentially reduce the effectiveness of body exposure therapy. The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the efficacy of a single session of a new body-related AB modification task (ABMT) that combines virtual reality with eye tracking in patients with AN. The goals of the ABMT are to reduce body-related AB by balancing attention between weight and non-weight-related body areas and to reduce BD levels. Twenty-three adolescent patients with AN were embodied in a virtual avatar and immersed in a virtual environment where they completed the ABMT. Body-related AB measures and BD levels were assessed before and after the training. A paired samples t-test showed statistically significant differences between pre-assessment and post-assessment; the complete fixation time on weight-related body parts was reduced and BD levels decreased. The initial evidence of the efficacy of this ABMT has important clinical implications, since AB and BD are considered risk factors for developing and maintaining eating disorder symptomatology among patients with AN

Modification of Body-Related Attentional Bias through Virtual Reality and Eye-Tracking in Healthy Participants: Implications for Anorexia Nervosa Treatments

Cognitive biases have a significant impact on the etiology and treatment of eating disorders (EDs). These biases, including selective attentional bias (AB) to disliked body parts, may reinforce concerns about body shape, fear of gaining weight and body image disturbances and may contribute to dietary restriction and restraint. Decreasing AB could reduce core symptoms in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study represents a preliminary exploration aiming to assess whether AB towards weightrelated (WR) and non-weight-related (NW) body parts could be reduced through an AB modification task in a virtual reality (VR) environment in healthy participants. A total of 54 female participants, aged 22.98 ± 1.89, were recruited. The task consisted of directing the participants’ attention towards all body parts equally in a VR setting. Eye-tracking (ET) measurements (complete fixation time [CFT] and number of fixations [NF]) were made before and after the task. The results showed a significant reduction of the AB in the two groups with an initial AB towards WR body parts or towards NW body parts. Participants showed a tendency to more balanced (non-biased) attention after the intervention. This study provides evidence of the usefulness of AB modification tasks in a non-clinical sample

Characterization of lignin and lignin-derivatives from biomass. Application as expander of lead-acid battery

Expanders, as lignosulfonates, are crucial for a good performance of Pb/acid batteries. In the process of discharge, the Pb and the PbO2 go to PbSO4. The formed PbSO4 is adsorbed on the surface of the Pb electrode and dramatically reduces the lifetime of the battery by the formation of big PbSO4 crystals. In order to prevent that, the addition of expanders in the negative electrode is an economic solution to prevent the formation of big crystals. In this investigation, we propose the synthesis of several lignosulfonates obtained from lignin of many biomass origins. We have derivatized nine samples of lignin via microwave-assisted sulfonation, then we have characterized how efficient is the chosen synthesis method. The lignosulfonates obtained have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy (COSY), and elemental analysis to acquire some relevant information about their structure in terms of functional groups. In this way, three commercial lignosulfonates, Vanisperse A, Indulin AT, and Oakwood, have been selected as references for our comparisons. Moreover, we have checked their electrochemical properties, using electrochemical techniques to compare their behavior with respect to the commercial lignosulfonates. Finally, we have selected one of them and we have tested its performance as an expander in a Pb/acid battery. That result is a very promising first approach, and we can conclude that lignosulfonates derivatives are a good and low-cost choice to improve the lifetime of Pb/acid batteries. In particular, it is shown that the incorporation of LignosB improves the cell formation as well as the first capacity (36.30% more) and the charge acceptance (63.16% more), being these relevant parameters in the performance of Pb/acid batterie

Brain structures identification based on feature descriptor

Traumatic Brain Injury -TBI- -1- is defined as an acute event that causes certain damage to areas of the brain. TBI may result in a significant impairment of an individuals physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning. The main consequence of TBI is a dramatic change in the individuals daily life involving a profound disruption of the family, a loss of future income capacity and an increase of lifetime cost. One of the main challenges of TBI Neuroimaging is to develop robust automated image analysis methods to detect signatures of TBI, such as: hyper-intensity areas, changes in image contrast and in brain shape. The final goal of this research is to develop a method to identify the altered brain structures by automatically detecting landmarks on the image where signal changes and to provide comprehensive information to the clinician about them. These landmarks identify injured structures by co-registering the patient?s image with an atlas where landmarks have been previously detected. The research work has been initiated by identifying brain structures on healthy subjects to validate the proposed method. Later, this method will be used to identify modified structures on TBI imaging studies

The influence of gender and body dissatisfaction on body‐related attentional bias: An eye‐tracking and virtual reality study

Objective In the attentional bias (AB) phenomenon, eating disorder (ED) patients show a tendency to pay more attention to self‐attributed unattractive body parts than to other body parts. However, little research has focused on gender differences in body‐related attention, controlling for body dissatisfaction (BD). This study aimed to assess gender differences in AB toward specific weight‐ or nonweight‐related body parts using a virtual reality (VR)‐based embodiment technique and an eye‐tracking AB assessment. Method Forty‐five women (23 with high BD and 22 with low BD) and 40 men (20 with high BD and 20 with low BD) were subsequently embodied in three virtual avatars, the first based on the participant's actual measurements, the second being larger than the participant, and the third being the same as the first avatar. The number of fixations and complete fixation time on weight‐related areas of interest (W‐AOIs) and nonweight‐related areas of interest (NW‐AOIs) were recorded for the three assessment time/avatars. Results The results showed a statistically significant interaction between gender and time for total fixation time and number of fixations (p < .05). BD levels did not significantly affect the results. Overall, women paid more attention to the W‐AOIs than men, who in turn paid more attention to the NW‐AOIs. Furthermore, preliminary evidence was found for an AB toward muscular‐related AOIs among men. Conclusions This study provides new information about gender differences and BD in gaze pattern behaviors. Future psychological ED assessments and treatments could take advantage of the possibilities of VR while real‐time AB is objectively measured

Impacto en los tiempos puerta-aguja de un conjunto de medidas para optimizar la atención hospitalaria del código ictus

Introducción: El tiempo sigue siendo una variable determinante para los tratamientos de reper-fusión del ictus isquémico agudo. A pesar de las recomendaciones de las guías clínicas, soloalrededor de la tercera parte de los pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo son fibrinolizadosen = 60 min. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir nuestra experiencia implementando unprotocolo específico de atención del ictus isquémico agudo y evaluar su impacto en nuestrostiempos puerta-aguja. Métodos: A finales del 2015, se implantaron gradualmente unas medidas dise ~nadas para acortarlos tiempos de actuación y optimizar la atención del ictus isquémico agudo incluyendo unaguardia específica de Neurovascular. Se compararon los tiempos de actuación antes (2013-2015)y después (2017-2019) de la introducción de este protocolo. Resultados: Se incluyó a 182 pacientes antes y 249 después de la intervención. Cuando todas lasmedidas fueron introducidas, la mediana global de tiempo puerta-aguja fue de 45 min (previa74 min, 39% menos, p < 0, 001) con un 73, 5% de pacientes tratados en = 60 min (47% más quepreintervención, p < 0, 001). El tiempo global al tratamiento (inicio síntoma-aguja) se redujo en20 min de mediana (p < 0, 001). Conclusiones: Las medidas asociadas en nuestro protocolo han conseguido una disminución deltiempo puerta-aguja de forma significativa y sostenida, aunque todavía nos queda margen demejora, la dinámica establecida de control de resultados y mejora continua hará posible seguiravanzando en este sentido. Introduction: Time continues to be a fundamental variable in reperfusion treatments for acute ischaemic stroke. Despite the recommendations made in clinical guidelines, only around one-third of these patients receive fibrinolysis within 60 minutes. In this study, we describe our experience with the implementation of a specific protocol for patients with acute ischaemic stroke and evaluate its impact on door-to-needle times in our hospital. Methods: Measures were gradually implemented in late 2015 to shorten stroke management times and optimise the care provided to patients with acute ischaemic stroke; these measures included the creation of a specific on-call neurovascular care team. We compare stroke management times before (2013-2015) and after (2017-2019) the introduction of the protocol. Results: The study includes 182 patients attended before implementation of the protocol and 249 attended after. Once all measures were in effect, the overall median door-to-needle time was 45 minutes (vs 74 minutes before, a 39% reduction; P<.001), with 73.5% of patients treated within 60 minutes (a 47% increase; P<.001). Median overall time to treatment (onset-to-needle time) was reduced by 20 minutes (P<.001). Conclusions: The measures included in our protocol achieved a significant, sustained reduction in door-to-needle times, although there remains room for improvement. The mechanisms established for monitoring outcomes and for continuous improvement will enable further advances in this regard

Riesgo de precipitación extrema asociado a eventos de circulación atmosférica en el noroeste español

Ponencia presentada en: VI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Tarragona del 8 al 11 de octubre de 2008.[ES]En este trabajo se analiza, en el noreste español, el riesgo de ocurrencia de precipitaciones extremas asociado a tres patrones de circulación atmosférica: la Oscilación del Atlántico Norte, la Oscilación Mediterránea y la Oscilación del Mediterráneo Occidental. El análisis se ha realizado a una escala de eventos atmosféricos obtenidos de índices de circulación diarios. A partir de las series pluviométricas diarias en 174 observatorios entre 1950 y 2006 se obtuvo la máxima precipitación diaria y la magnitud total registrada durante el evento de circulación. Las series de eventos siguen una distribución General de Pareto, independientemente del signo y el patrón de circulación atmosférica. Mediante la aplicación de análisis probabilísticos y modelización espacial asistida con Sistemas de Información Geográfica se obtuvieron mapas continuos de los parámetros de la distribución General de Pareto, determinándose la probabilidad y el periodo de retorno de precipitaciones de gran intensidad asociada a los eventos de circulación atmosférica.[EN]This paper analyses the extreme precipitation risk in North east Spain associated to three atmospheric circulation configurations: the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Mediterranean Oscillation and the Western Mediterranean Oscillation. The analysis has been performed considering an event-based scale, obtained from daily atmospheric circulation indices. Using daily precipitation records in 174 precipitation observatories between 1950 and 2006, we obtained the maximum precipitation intensity and the total precipitation magnitude recorded during the positive and negative circulation events. These precipitation records clearly follow a Generalised Pareto (GP) distribution, both for maximum intensity of precipitation and magnitude but also for positive and negative phases of the three atmospheric circulation indices. We applied a novel method that combined probabilistic analysis and spatial modelling assisted by GIS to determine the magnitude and maximum intensity precipitation probability and the quantile precipitation for any period of years associated to the positive and the negative phases of the three atmospheric circulation patterns.Este trabajo ha contado con la ayuda del proyecto CGL2005-04508/BOS, financiado por la Comisión Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y FEDER, y por el Programa de grupos de investigación consolidados, financiado por el Gobierno de Aragón