Female generations and the path to gender labour equality in Spain

The female labour integration experienced in Spain between 1987 and 2020 has similarities with current changes in some developing countries. An in-depth analysis of this process can provide elements for understanding what could happen in countries moving out from a traditional model. We use a cohort-based model over the 1987–2020 period to disentangle the female labour force participation in Spain due to changes in patterns of participation over the life cycle (age effect), across generations (cohort effect) and the role of the economic cycle (period effect). We follow up the evolution of birth cohorts (1936–2000) using a “pseudo-panel” from synthetic cohorts from the Spanish labour force Survey (EPA). Our results confirm the age effect, with an increasing trend at the first part of the life course. However, female participation has not been associated with economic recessions or expansions. Spanish women born during the baby boom behave differently at the same age and have different age profiles than millennials (cohort effect). There are at least two aspects to be improved to avoid the setback of the achievements in gender equality: labour precariousness and sharing caregiving responsibilities. Spain still has the growing need to integrate employment and gender policy regulations

Youth living arrangements and household employment deprivation: evidence from Spain

We study the role of employment deprivation and severe poverty at the household level on youth living arrangements in Spain in three different business cycle periods. Previous evidence has shown that recessions in Southern European countries make young individuals turn to their families for financial protection. Most analyses assume that these cohabiting decisions are only related to the young individual's employment status while other household members' employment deprivation is irrelevant. We use information from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey between 2005 and 2017 and a very flexible indicator to measure the dimension of employment deprivation at the household level and estimate its role on the probability of being emancipated with a linear probability model. To avoid reverse causation, we also estimate two seemingly unrelated regressions of the probability of cohabiting with parents and the dimension of household employment deprivation. Our results confirm that the Great Recession increased the probability of parental co-habitation, even if with some delay in relation to the business cycle. We reject the assumption about the irrelevance of other household member's employment deprivation on youth cohabitation decisions because its dimension determines them. Policies aiming to improve emancipation should not only increase youth labour market opportunities but provide either more employment hours or more income transfers to those living in households where young individuals live

Diferencias por género en el acceso de los jóvenes al empleo en España

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si las diferencias de género que se observan en el mercado laboral se detectan ya en el acceso de los jóvenes. A partir del análisis de los contratos registrados en el Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE) se analiza con qué tipo de contratos acceden al empleo habitualmente y cuáles son sus características. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes acceden mayoritariamente al empleo a través de contratos temporales y que las mujeres tienen más contratos a tiempo parcial. Hay algunas diferencias por sectores y ocupaciones, aunque no son suficientemente importantes como para explicar las persistentes desigualdades de géneroThe aim of this paper is to examine if the observed gender differences in the labor market are already detected in the access of young workers. The type of contracts and their characteristics are analyzed using administrative data from the registered contracts in the Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE). The results show that young people access to employment mainly through temporary employment, having young women more part-time contracts than young men. There are some interesting differences by sectors of activity and occupations, but they are not enough relevant to explain gender differences in the labour marke

Crisis y brecha de riesgo de pobreza por género

Las consecuencias económicas y sociales de una recesión no son homogéneas para toda la población. En este trabajo estudiamos la evolución de la diferencia (brecha) en el riesgo de pobreza y exclusión del empleo de hombres y mujeres durante los años de profunda crisis económica en España. Nuestro objetivo principal es analizar si la brecha de pobreza y su evolución es distinta para mujeres y hombres de diferentes grupos de edad. Para ello, analizamos la posición de las mujeres en la distribución de la renta y descomponemos los indicadores del riesgo de vivir en hogares pobres, en familias sin ingresos (pobres extremos) y en hogares con todos los activos desempleados por género y grupo de edad a partir de los datos de la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida Europea (EUSILC) y de la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA).The economic and social consequences of a recession are not homogeneous for all the population. This paper analyzes the evolution of the gender poverty gap and the differences in labour market deprivation by gender during a deep economic recession in Spain. Our main aim is to provide a measure of the extent to which this gap and its trend depends on age. For that purpose, we study the position of females in the income distribution and we decompose three poverty and deprivation indicators by gender and age: the poverty risk, the risk of extreme poverty and the risk of living in a household where all active individuals are unemployed using information from the European Union Survey of Living Conditions (EUSILC) and the Spanish Labour Force Survey (LFS).Comunidad de Madri

La nueva economia de la familia Un analisis del caso espaNol

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

La nueva economía de la familia: un análisis del caso español

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada, 1992Bibliografía: p.435-45

Economia del treball I, setembre 2012

Material docent de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.Material docente de la "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya".Learning material of the "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya"

Economia del treball I, setembre 2012

Material docent de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.Material docente de la "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya".Learning material of the "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya"

Correlations between major risk factors and closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates grouped by three current enotyping procedures: a population-based study in northeast Mexico

The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients related to a chain of recent TB transmissions were investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates (120) were genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 (R), spacer oligotyping (S) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (M) methods. The MTB isolates were clustered and the clusters were grouped according to the similarities of their genotypes. Spearman&#8217;s rank correlation coefficients between the groups of MTB isolates with similar genotypes and those patient characteristics indicating a risk for a pulmonary TB (PTB) chain transmission were ana- lysed. The isolates showing similar genotypes were distributed as follows: SMR (5%), SM (12.5%), SR (1.67%), MR (0%), S (46.67%), M (5%) and R (0%). The remaining 35 cases were orphans. SMR exhibited a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with visits to clinics, municipalities and comorbidities (primarily diabetes mellitus). S correlated with drug consumption and M with comorbidities. SMR is needed to identify a social network in metropolitan areas for PTB transmission and S and M are able to detect risk factors as secondary components of a transmission chain of TB