Resiliência e problemas de saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência

OBJECTIVE: To understand the process of resilience (social support and resources of the family environment) and the chance of mental health problems in children and adolescents (9–16 years) who have been victims of domestic violence, assisted in specialized services (Group 1 – G1) and in school services without reports of domestic violence (Group 2 – G2). METHODS: Various semi-structured instruments were applied to the pairs (guardian and child or adolescent): the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA), including Scale I (SI – sense of control), Scale II (SII – relationship skills) and Scale III (SIII – emotional reactivity); the Social Support Appraisals; the Home Environment Resources Scale and a questionnaire created by the authors to characterize the population. RESULTS: There was no difference in the prevalence of resilience between G1 and G2. Children and adolescents of both groups had a higher chance of low resilience in the absence of perception of social support from the teacher (SI; SIII) and other people in the community (SI; SII). Girls had higher chance of low resilience (SIII). The establishment of routine or rules in the lives of the children and adolescents facilitated the development of resilience (SIII). In G1, the prevalence of mental health problems was 65% for the self-application version of the SDQ for children and adolescents (SDQ/CA) and 54% for the version answered by the guardians (SDQ/G). In G2, it was 33% for SDQ/CA and 37.9% for SDQ/G. Domestic violence against children and adolescents was a risk factor for the development of mental disorders (SDQ/G). Subjects with low resilience (SI) had a higher chance of developing mental health problems (SDQ/CA). Despite originating from the same regions, the groups had socioeconomic differences, which showed no relationship with resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The quality and perception of social support and resources present in the home environment may have facilitated the development of resilience in the studied children and adolescents. Violence may have increased the chance of mental health problems, domestic violence being an aggravating factor. There is need for research on aspects that predict resilience and investment in intervention strategies for this population, as a way to promote mental health.OBJETIVO: Compreender o processo de resiliência (suporte social e recursos do ambiente familiar) e a chance de problemas de saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes (9–16 anos) vítimas de violência doméstica acompanhados em serviços especializados (Grupo 1 – G1) e em escolares sem relatos de situações de violência doméstica (Grupo 2 – G2). MÉTODOS: Diversos instrumentos semiestruturados foram aplicados às díades (responsável e criança ou adolescente): Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA), incluindo a Escala I (EI – sentido do controle), a Escala II (EII – capacidade de relacionamento) e a Escala III (EIII – reatividade emocional); Social Support Appraisals; Inventário de Recursos no Ambiente Familiar e um questionário elaborado pelos autores para caracterizar a população. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença na prevalência de resiliência entre G1 e G2. As crianças e adolescentes de ambos os grupos tiveram maior chance de baixa resiliência na ausência de percepção do suporte social do professor (EI; EIII) e de outras pessoas da comunidade (EI; EII). Meninas apresentaram maior chance de baixa resiliência (EIII). O estabelecimento de rotina ou regras na vida das crianças e adolescentes facilitou o desenvolvimento da resiliência (EIII). No G1 a prevalência de problemas de saúde mental foi de 65% pela versão de autoaplicação do SDQ para crianças e adolescentes (SDQ/CA) e de 54% pela versão respondida pelos responsáveis (SDQ/R). No G2 foi de 33% pelo SDQ/CA e de 37,9% pelo SDQ/R. A violência doméstica infantojuvenil foi fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais (SDQ/R). Os sujeitos com baixa resiliência (EI) apresentaram maior chance de problemas de saúde mental (SDQ/CA). Embora provenientes das mesmas regiões, os grupos apresentaram diferenças socioeconômicas, as quais não apresentaram relação com a resiliência. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade e percepção do suporte social e de recursos presentes no ambiente familiar podem ter facilitado o desenvolvimento da resiliência nas crianças e adolescentes estudados. A violência pode ter aumentado a chance de problemas de saúde mental, sendo a violência doméstica um agravante. Há necessidade de pesquisas sobre os aspectos preditores de resiliência e de investimento em estratégias de intervenção para esta população, como forma de promover a saúde mental

Characterization of mothers, mode of deliveries and newborns in Campinas, São Paulo, 2001 and 2005

OBJETIVO: Comparar dados pré-natais, dos partos e dos recém-nascidos de Campinas em 2001 e 2005. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que analisou 13.656 documentos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) de 2005, comparando-as aos resultados de 2001. Analisou-se o local de moradia e parto, idade materna, estado civil, escolaridade, ocupação, paridade, consultas de pré-natal, tipo de parto, duração da gestação e peso ao nascer. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado, sendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os nascidos nos Distritos de Saúde (DS) com piores índices de condições de vida (ICV) diminuíram em relação a 2001. A taxa de adolescentes passou de 17,7% para 14,7%. Em 2001, 39,4% das mães trabalhavam e, em 2005, 42,9%. Quanto à presença de companheiro, 35,9 e 54,3% não o referiam em 2001 e 2005, respectivamente. A escolaridade passou de 37,8% de mães com até sete anos de estudo para 25,7%, com aumento das que estudaram entre oito e 11 anos e 12 anos ou mais. O comparecimento a mais de seis consultas no pré-natal passou de 74,4 para 86,6%. Houve aumento de cesáreas (54,9 para 60,3%) e de prematuridade (7,1 para 8,9%). Não houve alteração no perfil de peso ao nascimento. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se queda da paridade nos DS com piores ICV e no percentual de mães adolescentes. Elevou-se o número de trabalhadoras, mulheres sem companheiro, escolaridade e frequência ao pré-natal.OBJECTIVE: To compare data related to prenatal care, deliveries and newborns from Campinas, Brazil, in 2001 and 2005. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 13,656 Live Birth Certificates from 2005, comparing them to of 2001. The analyzed variables were: place of birth and dwelling, maternal age, marital status, schooling, number of births, number of prenatal consultations, mode of delivery, length of pregnancy and birthweight. Association between variables was evaluated by the chi-square test, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: In 2005, there was a decrease in the number of newborns from Health Districts with worse living conditions in comparison to 2001. The rate of teenage pregnancies varied from 17.7% in 2001 to 14.7% in 2005. Working mothers were 42.9% of the sample in 2005 and 39.4% in 2001. In 2005, single mothers were 54.3% compared to 35.9% in 2001. Mothers with seven or less years of schooling were 37.8% in 2001, compared to 25.7% in 2005. In 2005, 86.6% of mothers had more than six prenatal visits compared to 74.4% in 2001. There was an increase in the rates of cesarean section (from 54.9% in 2001 to 60.3% in 2005) and prematurity (from 7.1% in 2001 to 8.9% in 2005). No significant changes in birthweight were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a decrease in the rate of births in the Health Districts with worse conditions of living and in teenage pregnancies. Rates of working mothers, single mothers, years of schooling, number of prenatal consultations increased

Risk factors for the indication of caesarean section in Campinas (SP)

PURPOSE: to determine the cesarean section (CS) rate in Campinas (SP) and to identify its risk factors. METHODS: a cross-sectional study that analyzed data obtained from Live Birth Certificates in 2001. The dependent variable was the type of delivery and the independent variables were: mothers? characteristics and those related to their pregnancies, deliveries and to newborns. The assessment of the association among variables was performed through the chi2 test, and crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) values were calculated. RESULTS: the CS rate was 54.9%. The chances of having CS increased 1.9 times for women from 20-34 years old (adjOR-1.9; 95% CI:1.7-2.1); 3.7 times for those over 35 years old (adjOR-3.8; 95% CI:3.2-4.5); 1.5 times for those who studied from 8-11 years (adjOR-1.5; 95% CI:1.4-1.6); 2.5 times for those who studied more than 11 years (adjOR-2.6; 95% CI:2.2-2.9); 1.3 times for those who were married (adjOR-1.3; 95 % CI:1.2-1.4); 1.6 times for those who had jobs (adjOR-1.6; 95% CI:1.5-1.8); 1.2 times for who had good living conditions (adjOR-1.2; 95% CI:1.0-1.3); 2.2 times for primiparous (adjOR-2.2; 95% CI:1.9-2.5), 1.6 times for multiparous (adjOR-1.6; 95% CI:1.4-1.9) and 2.7 times in twin gestations (adjOR-2.7; 95% CI:1.9-3.9). The women who had inadequate prenatal care were protected for CS (adjOR-0.6; 95% CI:0.5-0.7). CONCLUSION: the chance of having CS was greater among women with better socio-economic conditions, with adequate prenatal care, for primiparous, for multiparous and in twin gestations, suggesting that the basis for indication of cesarean sections were not restricted to clinical factors but influenced by non-medical reasons.OBJETIVO: conhecer a freqüência de cesarianas em Campinas (SP), e identificar fatores de risco para sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal no qual se analisaram dados das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos de 2001. A variável dependente foi o tipo de parto e as variáveis independentes foram as características maternas, gestacionais, do parto e do recém-nascido. Na avaliação da associação entre variáveis empregou-se o teste do chi2 e calcularam-se valores de odds ratio (OR) brutos e ajustados. RESULTADOS: a taxa de cesáreas foi 54,9%. As chances de cesárea foram aumentadas 1,9 vezes para mulheres de 20 a 34 anos (OR ajustado (ORaj)=1,9; IC a 95%:1,7-2,1); 3,7 para as maiores de 35 anos (ORaj=3,8; IC a 95%:3,2-4,5); 1,5 para as que estudaram até o ensino médio (ORaj=1,5; IC a 95%:1,4-1,6); 2,5 para as com ensino superior (ORaj=2,6; IC a 95%:2,2-2,9); 1,3 para as com companheiro (ORaj=1,3; IC a 95%:1,2-1,4); 1,6 para as que trabalhavam (ORaj=1,6; IC a 95%:1,5-1,8); 1,2 para as que moravam em regiões com melhores Índices de Condição de Vida (ORaj=1,2; IC a 95%:1,0-1,3); 2,2 para as primíparas (ORaj=2,2; IC a 95%:1,9-2,5); 1,6 para as multíparas (ORaj=1,6; IC a 95%:1,4-1,9) e 3,1 vezes nas gestações duplas (ORaj=3,1; IC a 95%:2,2-4,4). As mulheres com menos de sete consultas foram protegidas da cesárea (ORaj=0,6; IC a 95%:0,5-0,7). CONCLUSÕES: as chances para indicação de cesareana foram mais elevadas para mulheres de melhor nível socioeconômico, para as com pré-natal adequado, as primíparas, as multíparas e nas gestações duplas, sugerindo que essa indicação não se baseou somente em normas técnicas, mas também em razões não-médicas.344

Comparison of quality of life questionnaires and their correlation with the clinical course of patients with psoriasis

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by erythematous, scaly lesions covering extensive areas of the skin and negatively affecting patients' quality of life by interfering in their personal life, social relationships and routine activities. Treatment offers reasonable control of the condition; however, little importance is generally given to the patient's impression. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of life of patients with psoriasis, to verify whether there is a correlation between quality of life and clinical improvement and to compare two quality of life questionnaires and evaluate their equivalence. METHODS: Patients over 18 years of age attending the psoriasis outpatient clinic at the Teaching Hospital of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), who were either initiating treatment or changing to a new form of treatment, were included in the study. Patients answered two quality of life questionnaires (the Psoriasis Disability Index and the Dermatological Life Quality Index) up to a total of 180 consultations to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the questionnaires. Patients were also rated using a clinical index (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) at baseline and at follow-up visits. RESULTS: The study involved 138 patients (76 men; mean age 50 years). A correlation was found between the questionnaires and the clinical index, showing that clinical changes are reflected in quality of life. The two questionnaires were found to be equivalent. CONCLUSION: It was found that both clinical condition and quality of life improved in the majority of patients receiving care at this outpatient clinic and that the quality of life questionnaires are equivalent.FUNDAMENTO: A psoríase é uma dermatose inflamatória crônica caracterizada por lesões eritemato-descamativas que atingem extensas áreas da pele, comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos pacientes por interferir na sua vida pessoal, no relacionamento social e nas atividades diárias. O tratamento permite um bom controle, mas a impressão do paciente, quase sempre, é pouco valorizada. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes psoriáticos, verificar se há correlação desta com melhoras clínicas e se há equivalência entre dois questionários de qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes maiores de 18 anos que estavam no início ou troca de tratamento no ambulatório de psoríase do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp. Eles responderam dois questionários de qualidade de vida (Psoriasis Disability Index e Dermatological Life Quality Index), até completar 180 atendimentos, para avaliar se haveria correlação entre os questionários. Receberam também um índice clínico (Índice de Área e de Severidade da Psoríase) no tempo inicial da pesquisa e nos retornos subsequentes. RESULTADOS: A pesquisa foi realizada com 138 pacientes (76 homens, idade média de 50 anos). Observou-se correlação entre os questionários aplicados e o índice clínico, mostrando que alterações clínicas se refletem na qualidade de vida, e que há equivalência entre os questionários. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que a maioria dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório tem apresentado melhora clínica e da qualidade de vida e que há equivalência entre os questionários de qualidade de vida.454

Whey And Soy Protein Supplements Changes Body Composition In Patients With Crohn's Disease Undergoing Azathioprine And Anti-tnf-alpha Therapy.

Crohn´s disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown cause. Malnutrition associated with active CD has been reduced although obesity has increased. Dietary strategies such as those with high-protein have been proposed to reduce body fat. This study compares the effects of two supplements on the nutritional status of CD patients. 68 CD patients were randomized in two groups: whey protein group (WP) and soy protein group (SP). Using bioimpedance analysis, anthropometry and albumin and pre-albumin dosages the nutritional status was measured before starting the intervention and after 8 and 16 weeks. The disease activity was determined by Crohn's Disease Activity Index and serum C-reactive protein dosage and dietary intake by 24h dietary recalls. Forty-one patients concluded the study and both supplements changed body composition similarly. Triceps skin fold thickness (p< 0.001) and body fat percentage (p=0.001) decreased, whereas mid-arm muscle circumference (p=0.004), corrected arm muscle area (p=0.005) and body lean percentage (p=0.001) increased. For Crohn's disease patients undergoing anti TNF-alpha and azatioprine therapies, supplementation with whey and soy proteins changes body composition through reduction of body fat and thus contributes to control inflammation.311603-161

Characterization of mothers, mode of deliveries and newborns in Campinas, São Paulo, 2001 and 2005

Comparar dados pré-natais, dos partos e dos recém-nascidos de Campinas em 2001 e 2005. Estudo transversal que analisou 13.656 documentos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) de 2005, comparando-as aos resultados de 2001. Analisou-se o local de moradia e parto, idade materna, estado civil, escolaridade, ocupação, paridade, consultas de pré-natal, tipo de parto, duração da gestação e peso ao nascer. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado, sendo significante p<0,05. Os nascidos nos Distritos de Saúde (DS) com piores índices de condições de vida (ICV) diminuíram em relação a 2001. A taxa de adolescentes passou de 17,7% para 14,7%. Em 2001, 39,4% das mães trabalhavam e, em 2005, 42,9%. Quanto à presença de companheiro, 35,9 e 54,3% não o referiam em 2001 e 2005, respectivamente. A escolaridade passou de 37,8% de mães com até sete anos de estudo para 25,7%, com aumento das que estudaram entre oito e 11 anos e 12 anos ou mais. O comparecimento a mais de seis consultas no pré-natal passou de 74,4 para 86,6%. Houve aumento de cesáreas (54,9 para 60,3%) e de prematuridade (7,1 para 8,9%). Não houve alteração no perfil de peso ao nascimento. Verificou-se queda da paridade nos DS com piores ICV e no percentual de mães adolescentes. Elevou-se o número de trabalhadoras, mulheres sem companheiro, escolaridade e frequência ao pré-natal283269275To compare data related to prenatal care, deliveries and newborns from Campinas, Brazil, in 2001 and 2005. This cross-sectional study analyzed 13,656 Live Birth Certificates from 2005, comparing them to of 2001. The analyzed variables were: place of birth and dwelling, maternal age, marital status, schooling, number of births, number of prenatal consultations, mode of delivery, length of pregnancy and birthweight. Association between variables was evaluated by the chi-square test, being significant p<0.05. In 2005, there was a decrease in the number of newborns from Health Districts with worse living conditions in comparison to 2001. The rate of teenage pregnancies varied from 17.7% in 2001 to 14.7% in 2005. Working mothers were 42.9% of the sample in 2005 and 39.4% in 2001. In 2005, single mothers were 54.3% compared to 35.9% in 2001. Mothers with seven or less years of schooling were 37.8% in 2001, compared to 25.7% in 2005. In 2005, 86.6% of mothers had more than six prenatal visits compared to 74.4% in 2001. There was an increase in the rates of cesarean section (from 54.9% in 2001 to 60.3% in 2005) and prematurity (from 7.1% in 2001 to 8.9% in 2005). No significant changes in birthweight were observed. This study shows a decrease in the rate of births in the Health Districts with worse conditions of living and in teenage pregnancies. Rates of working mothers, single mothers, years of schooling, number of prenatal consultations increase

Growth and body composition of a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth and body composition of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 44 patients with T1DM were followed up for approximately four years and compared with a control group. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index, waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio were determined. RESULTS: In females, in the first evaluation, BF% was lower in patients than in controls, while in the second evaluation, mean WC was higher in patients than in controls. In males, height of the patients was lower in the first evaluation, while body mass index (BMI) was higher in the second one. We did not find any differences among the changes in height, weight and BMI z-scores and BF% or in the distribution of those z-scores between the two evaluations, in both groups. Multiple regression analysis found differences in BMI and waist-height ratio in both sexes and also in WC in females. CONCLUSION: The patients had adequate growth but showed discrepancy in their body composition during the study.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o crescimento e a composição corporal de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1 (DM1). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de uma coorte de 44 pacientes com DM1 acompanhados em média por quatro anos, comparados a um grupo controle. Avaliaram-se peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), porcentagem de massa gorda (%MG), índice de massa gorda, cintura e razão cintura/estatura. RESULTADOS: No sexo feminino, na primeira avaliação a %MG das pacientes foi menor, enquanto na segunda avaliação a média da cintura das pacientes foi maior que a dos controles. No sexo masculino, a estatura dos pacientes foi menor na primeira avaliação, enquanto o IMC foi maior na segunda. Não foram observadas diferenças entre as variações dos escores z de estatura, peso e IMC e da %MG ou na distribuição desses escores entre as duas avaliações em ambos os grupos. A análise multivariada mostrou diferença no IMC e na razão cintura/estatura dos dois sexos e também na cintura das meninas. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes apresentaram crescimento adequado, porém diferiram na composição corporal durante o período do estudo.62363

[evaluation Of Data On Live Birth Certificates From The Information System On Live Births (sinasc) In Campinas, São Paulo, 2009].

To assess the completeness and reliability of the Information System on Live Births (Sinasc) data. A cross-sectional analysis of the reliability and completeness of Sinasc's data was performed using a sample of Live Birth Certificate (LBC) from 2009, related to births from Campinas, Southeast Brazil. For data analysis, hospitals were grouped according to category of service (Unified National Health System, private or both), 600 LBCs were randomly selected and the data were collected in LBC-copies through mothers and newborns' hospital records and by telephone interviews. The completeness of LBCs was evaluated, calculating the percentage of blank fields, and the LBCs agreement comparing the originals with the copies was evaluated by Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients. The percentage of completeness of LBCs ranged from 99.8%-100%. For the most items, the agreement was excellent. However, the agreement was acceptable for marital status, maternal education and newborn infants' race/color, low for prenatal visits and presence of birth defects, and very low for the number of deceased children. The results showed that the municipality Sinasc is reliable for most of the studied variables. Investments in training of the professionals are suggested in an attempt to improve system capacity to support planning and implementation of health activities for the benefit of maternal and child population.32183-