Direct and indirect influences of objective socioeconomic position on adolescent health: the mediating roles of subjective socioeconomic status and lifestyles

The use of composite indices and subjective measures to evaluate socioeconomic position, taking into account the effect of inequalities on adolescent health-related behaviors, can contribute to understanding the effect of inequalities on health during adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect contribution of objective and subjective socioeconomic factors in a broad range of health and lifestyles outcomes. The data come from a representative sample of adolescents (N = 15,340; M age = 13.69) of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study in Spain. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. A global index for evaluating objective socioeconomic position predicted both health and healthy lifestyles. Subjective socioeconomic status mediated the relationship between objective socioeconomic position and health but did not have a significant effect on healthy lifestyles when objective indicators were considered. Lastly, fit indices of the multiple-mediator model—including the direct effect of objective socioeconomic position on health and its indirect effects through the subjective perception of wealth and lifestyles—explained 28.7% of global health variance. Interventions aimed at reducing the impact of health inequalities should address, in addition to material deprivation, the psychological and behavioral consequences of feeling poor.Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia de la Junta de Andalucía P11—SEJ—800

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Self-Directed and Interpersonal Violence in People with Severe Mental Illness: a Rapid Overview of Systematic Reviews

Introduction Self-directed and interpersonal violence among people with severe mental illness has become a health priority. Though non-pharmacological interventions have been investigated, to our knowledge, no summary of all systematic reviews on this topic has been reported. We will conduct a rapid overview of reviews to synthesise evidence available by identifying systematic reviews on non-pharmacological interventions for self-directed or interpersonal violence in people with severe mental illness. Methods and analysis This is a protocol for a rapid overview of reviews. The overview will include any systematic reviews (with or without meta-analyses) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster RCTs that examine the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on self-directed or interpersonal violence in people with severe mental illness. This protocol applies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Protocols, the criteria for conducting overviews of reviews in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the criteria for the Cochrane Rapid Reviews. To identify studies, a search will be performed in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through the Cochrane Library and the Epistemonikos database of systematic reviews. The searches date from inception to September 2020. The study selection process will be described using a PRISMA flow diagram, we will assess the quality of evidence in systematic reviews included and the quality of the systematic reviews themselves and the main results will be summarised in categories to provide a map of the evidence available.This work was supported by the Department of Health of the Government of the Basque Country, Spain (Grant number 2017111101). The funder has had no involvement in any aspect of the protocol or the decision to submit for publication and will not be involved in the study

Female generations and the path to gender labour equality in Spain

The female labour integration experienced in Spain between 1987 and 2020 has similarities with current changes in some developing countries. An in-depth analysis of this process can provide elements for understanding what could happen in countries moving out from a traditional model. We use a cohort-based model over the 1987–2020 period to disentangle the female labour force participation in Spain due to changes in patterns of participation over the life cycle (age effect), across generations (cohort effect) and the role of the economic cycle (period effect). We follow up the evolution of birth cohorts (1936–2000) using a “pseudo-panel” from synthetic cohorts from the Spanish labour force Survey (EPA). Our results confirm the age effect, with an increasing trend at the first part of the life course. However, female participation has not been associated with economic recessions or expansions. Spanish women born during the baby boom behave differently at the same age and have different age profiles than millennials (cohort effect). There are at least two aspects to be improved to avoid the setback of the achievements in gender equality: labour precariousness and sharing caregiving responsibilities. Spain still has the growing need to integrate employment and gender policy regulations

Estudio de la incapacidad laboral en funcionarios civiles del estado y trastorno mental

El estudio de la incapacidad laboral en funcionarios civiles del Estado, y trastorno mental, título de esta Tesis Doctoral, se ha llevado a cabo con un grupo de funcionarios del Cuerpo Nacional de Policía que han sido reconocidos por el Tribunal Médico de Incapacidades de la Dirección General de la Policía desde enero de 2004 hasta febrero de 2010. Previamente, y como base de la investigación, ha sido necesario hacer un recorrido documental histórico y legislativo sobre: la Sanidad en España, el Sistema Nacional de Salud, la Incapacidad y su gestión por la Seguridad Social, competencias de Mutuas, Comunidades Autónomas, y Regímenes Especiales. También se han examinado áreas de salud laboral y salud mental, trabajo e Incapacidad, y Trastorno mental e Incapacidad laboral, relacionadas con el objetivo del estudio, procediendo además a una revisión de publicaciones sobre estas cuestiones. Se han analizado los conceptos de incapacidad temporal y permanente, y sus grados, en el sistema de la Seguridad Social y en los Regímenes Especiales, y cómo los médicos de las Entidades Gestoras y de las Mutuas colaboradoras con la Seguridad Social, pueden tramitar las bajas por incapacidad temporal, y emitir las propuestas de incapacidad permanente, y que estas propuestas, tras la Resolución del Director Provincial del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social pueden ser de: alta, continuar de baja o de Incapacidad permanente. . Las Mutualidades de funcionarios se rigen por normativa específica y tienen su propio modelo de prestación sanitaria. La afiliación es obligatoria y la cobertura sanitaria se realiza a través de Entidades de Seguro privadas, o con el Sistema Nacional de Salud. La Ley General de la Seguridad Social las contempla como Regímenes Especiales..

Grado de satisfacción de los usuarios de fisioterapia en centros públicos y privados de la Comunidad de Madrid

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, leída el 25/09/2013Depto. de EnfermeríaFac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEunpu

In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Stilbene Extract for Its Potential Use as Antioxidant in the Wine Industry

The reduction of sulfur dioxide in wine is a consumer’s demand, considering the allergic effects that may occur in people who are sensitive to it. Stilbenes are candidates of great interest for this purpose because of their antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and health properties, and also because they are naturally found in the grapevine. In the present study, the in vitro toxicity of an extract from grapevine shoots (with a stilbene richness of 45.4%) was assessed in two human cell lines. Significant damage was observed from 30 μg/mL after 24 h, and 40 µg/mL after 48 h of exposure. Similarly, the ultrastructural study revealed a significant impairment of cell growing. The extract was able to protect cells against an induced oxidative stress at all concentrations studied. In view of the promising results, a more exhaustive toxicological assessment of the extract is needed to confirm the safety of its further use as additive in wine.España,Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and INIA for the financial support for this project (RTA2015-00005-C02-02

La formación docente en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales a través de los proyectos socioeducativos en contextos de exclusión social

Presentamos una experiencia formativa innovadora con los estudiantes de la titulación deMaestro/a de Educación Primaria de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Almería.Se ha realizado en el marco de un Programa Socioeducativo en colegios públicos de un barrio marginal dela ciudad de Almería mediante la metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS). Desde la Didáctica de lasCiencias Sociales queremos contribuir a una educación democrática mediante la participación ciudadana.Mostramos algunas valoraciones de nuestros estudiantes en este proceso de investigación-acción. Elbalance positivo de esta evaluación inicial nos motiva para seguir implicados en el desarrollo de proyectoscomo éste donde se vincula universidad, escuela y comunidad.This paper speaks about an innovative training experience with Pre-Service Primary Teacher atthe University of Almeria, Faculty of Education. Carried out in the framework of a social and educationalproject in public schools in a slum in the city of Almeria using service learning methodology. From theteaching of the social sciences our aim seeks to contribute to a democratic education through citizenparticipation. We show some evaluations carried out by our students in the process of action research. Thepositive results of this initial assessment motivates us to keep involved in the development of projects likethis, where University, school and community are linked

Characterization of resilient adolescents in the context of parental unemployment

This research analyzes a group of Spanish adolescents at high risk of adversity –conceptualized as living in households with no employed parent– in one of the countries where unemployment rates have risen significantly due to the recent economic recession. The objective was to identify sociodemographic and contextual factors that promote resilience in this context. Using the Extreme Group Approach and the theoretical framework of resilience, two groups of adolescents living in households with no employed parent were selected from the HBSC-2014 edition in Spain depending on their adaptive response to the risk, measured by a global health score. Therefore, from a total sample of 1336 adolescents at high risk (living in households with no employed parent), 290 resilient adolescents (those who presented the highest scores in their global health score) and 618 maladaptive adolescents (those presenting lower scores in their global health score) were selected, resulting in a final sample composed of 908 adolescents aged 11–18 years old (M = 15.2; DT = 2.18), with a balanced representation of boys and girls. Results showed that support from, and satisfaction with, family and friend relationships, as well as support from classmates and teachers, and satisfaction with the school environment, are protective factors that can foster resilience when facing adversity provoked by parental unemployment and its negative consequences for adolescent health. Intervention programs aimed at reducing the negative impact of parental unemployment on adolescent health should consider these contextual factors, as well as individual factors such as age or sex.Junta de Andalucía SEJ 08007Universidad de Sevill

Trend analysis in tobacco use in Andalusia (2011-2014) and factors related to use

Nowadays, smoking is the single greatest preventable cause of death in the world and tobacco is the most prevalent drug ever used. Considering that many people begin smoking in early adolescence, it is essential to further research this matter in order to better understand this behavior as well as enact adequate prevention and health-promotion programs. Despite data confirming a decrease in tobacco consumption in the last few years, it is still necessary to pay more attention to factors that may be related to adolescent smoking. Regarding these factors, a relationship between age and gender in relation to tobacco use has been fully established, showing higher use among older adolescents and females. Furthermore, parental smoking has shown to be a common catalyst for smoking initiation during adolescence. However, results are not completely consistent regarding this association. Some studies suggest that close friends’ smoking provides a substantial source of modeling of experimentation with tobacco, even more powerful than parents’ smoking. The current study seeks to identify trends in smoking behaviour (2011 – 2014) and investigates the relationship between age, gender, parental smoking and best friend’s smoking, and tobacco use among Andalusian adolescent students. The sample for this study is composed of 17,662 students aged 11 to 18 years old: 15,684 in 2011 (7,822 girls) and 1,978 in 2014 (962 girls). In both cases, the data are representative of Andalusian adolescent students. We used some items of the tobacco consumption questionnaire designed by the international team of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC): adolescent current tobacco consumption, tobacco use of best friend, mother and father. Data confirm a decrease in adolescent tobacco use between 2011 and 2014. Females smoke more than males in 2011 and 2014, although gender differences diminish in 2014. Moreover, age, gender and close people’s smoking explain a higher percentage of variance in 2011 than in 2014. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of monitoring tobacco use in adolescence in order to adjust intervention policies. In this respect, even though this study confirms a decline in consumption, this may be attributable to the application of anti-smoking laws or the implementation of prevention programs, as well as a change in recent years in factors related to us