Proyecto “Visión sin Fronteras”, salud visual como propuesta de cooperación en el ámbito social

En el mundo hay alrededor de 7500 millones de personas, de las cuales se calcula que 1300 padecen de algún tipo de discapacidad visual. Según informes publicados por la OMS el 80% de estas discapacidades visuales son evitables, procediendo, el 90% de las mismas de países en vías de desarrollo. La falta de recursos y acceso al sistema sanitario en los países de renta baja alimenta el grado de pobreza y exclusión al que se encuentran sometidos sus habitantes. Es de vital importancia analizar el papel del óptico-optometrista en situaciones de vulnerabilidad y emergencia y cómo puede participar en la mejora de la situación. El proyecto “Visión sin Fronteras”, que da origen a este Trabajo Fin de Grado, nace con el objetivo de apoyar la labor llevada a cabo en el campo de refugiados “Moria” en Mitilene, Lesbos, por la organización Light Without Borders, la cual ofrece asistencia optométrica a las personas que se han visto obligadas a migrar huyendo de la guerra y otras catástrofes buscando asilo y refugio en Europa. Se trata de una iniciativa con la que se consigue demostrar que con el compromiso de la comunidad universitaria, se pueden conseguir avances en la lucha contra las desigualdades sociales. Basado en la puesta en marcha de una campaña de recogida de gafas graduadas, gafas de sol, monturas y fundas en diversas localidades españolas, se ha contribuido a la sostenibilidad de la actividad optométrica y cuidado de la salud visual en el campo de refugiados de Mitilene. Son muchos los beneficios conseguidos tras la creación de dicho proyecto, tales como la facilitación del proceso de escolarización de niños con errores refractivos, como la posibilidad de entrar al mercado laborar de un adulto con problemas visuales, ayudando a mejorar notablemente las sórdidas condiciones en las que se encuentran en dicho campamento.The world population consists of 7500 million people, 1300 of whom have some kind of visual impairment. According to studies published by the World Health Organization, 80% of these visual impairments are preventable and of those 80%, 90% come from developing countries. The lack of resources and access to healthcare in impoverished countries adds to the poverty and exclusion that the population already suffers. It is of vital importance to analise the role of the optometrist in si tuations of vulnerability and emergency and how they can improve the situation. The project “Visión sin Fronteras” from which this thesis originates, was created with the ob jective of supporting the organisation Light Without Borders — an organisation which provides optic aide to refugees fleeing war and catastrophe, who are seeking asylum in Europe. The organisation works primarily in the refugee camp “Moria” in Mitilene, Lesbos. This initia tive shows that with university involvement, advancements can be achieved in the struggle against social inequality. The project consists of collecting donations of glasses with graduated lenses, frames and cases from various regions of Spain. These donations have contributed to sustainable p ractices in optometry in Mor ia. There are many benefits achieved due to this project such as the facilitation of schooling for children with refractive issues and for adults with visual impairments, the ability to enter the job market and notably improving the sordid conditions there are found in current refugee campsUniversidad de Sevilla. Grado en Óptica y Optometrí

The New Legal and Regulatory Framework of the Mexican Electrical Sector: Possibilities of Inclusion of Small and Medium-sized Companies

This research paper analyzes portions of Mexico’s energy reform legislation related to increasing participation by small and medium-sized companies in the electrical market and the implications of including such businesses on strengthening the rule of law in Mexico. This paper is part of a Baker Institute Mexico Center research project (http://www.bakerinstitute.org/the-rule-of-law/) examining the rule of law in Mexico and the challenges it poses to implementing the country's energy reform

Determinar la vulnerabilidad al desabastecimiento hídrico del Páramo Guerrero y establecer las posibles medidas de adaptación y mitigación

Saneamiento de comunidadesEl propósito del trabajo fue el de determinar la vulnerabilidad al desabastecimiento hídrico de diez (10) veredas de Páramo Guerrero utilizando la metodología del IDEAM y con base en sus resultados recomendar medidas de adaptación y mitigación encaminadas a proteger y regular el Recurso Hídrico. La importancia del trabajo realizado fue la de mostrar la fragilidad de mantener la oferta de agua para el abastecimiento de las veredas evaluadas.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Recursos Hídrico

Requisitos de accesibilidad web en los reproductores multimedia

Proceeding of: XII Congreso de Interacción Persona-Ordenador (2011). Took place 2011, september 02-05, in Lisbora (Portugal).El contenido de vídeo se ha ido incorporando en la Web sin tener en mente las barreras de accesibilidad que pueden llegar a incorporar si no se hace de forma adecuada. Dado su gran aumento, es fundamental dar un cambio de rumbo, y empezar a incluir contenido de vídeo que cumpla los requisitos de accesibilidad necesarios para que puedan acceder a él el mayor número de usuarios posible. En la interacción del usuario con la reproducción de un vídeo intervienen muchos aspectos, siendo de gran importancia el agente de usuario web (navegadores, reproductores, etc.). A través de los reproductores multimedia los usuarios acceden a los contenidos de tipo vídeo, por lo que es fundamental que éstos cumplan un mínimo de requisitos de accesibilidad. En este artículo se presentan estándares, normativa y buenas prácticas relativas, así como una propuesta de método ágil de evaluación de los requisitos de accesibilidad en un reproductor multimedia. Por último, como un recurso a profesionales que quieran incluir reproductores multimedia accesibles en sus sitios web, se proporcionan unas guías básicas.Este trabajo de investigación está apoyado por el Research Network MAVIR (S2009/TIC-1542 (ver www.mavir.net/)), y por los proyectos de investigación GEMMA (TSI-020302-2010-141) y SAGAS (TSI-020100-2010-184).Publicad

HTML5 support for an accessible user-video-interaction on the Web

Multimedia content covers the Web, and we should provide access to all people. For this reason, it is very important to take into account accessibility requirements in the player to avoid barriers and to ensure access to this multimedia content as well as their resources. One of the most frequent barriers is the technological obstacle: the necessity for the user to install the required plug-ins in to order to access video. The new standard HTML5 provides a solution to this problem. However, it does not fully support accessibility requirements of W3C standards, including WCAG and interaction requirement of UAAG. This paper introduces an overall study of this new standard in relation to accessibility requirements for the players as well as an accessible HTML5 Media Player.This research work is supported by the Research Network MAVIR (S2009/TIC-1542 (www.mavir.net/)), GEMMA (TSI-020302-2010-141) and SAGAS (TSI-020100-2010- 184) research projects

A Study of Accessibility Requirements for Media Players on the Web

Proceedings of: The 6th International Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction (UAHCI 2011), held as part of The 14th International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction (HCI International 2011), Orlando (FL, USA), July 9-14, 2011Multimedia content covers the Web, and we should provide access to all people. For this reason, we must consider including accessibility requirements in a synchronized manner with the alternative resources such as caption and audio description among others. In addition, it is very important to take into account accessibility requirements in the player to avoid barriers and to ensure access to this multimedia content as well as their resources. This paper presents an overall study on standards and players with accessibility requirements. Moreover, solutions to improve the accessibility features in the YouTube player are presented. Based on this study, we have distinguished a set of guidelines to take into account for including accessibility requirements in players. Furthermore, we suggest an agile evaluation process which indicates the order of accessibility guidelines to check. Finally, the proposed evaluation method is put into practice with a case study: accessibility features are evaluated in three widely used players.This research work is supported by the Research Network MAVIR (S2009/TIC-1542 (see www.mavir.net/)), and GEMMA (TSI-020302-2010-141) and SAGAS (TSI-020100-2010-184) research project

Luminiscence of isolated tomato fruit cuticles

This work is based on the study of the luminiscence properties of isolated tomato fruit cuticles. The green fluorescence that takes place in the ripe stage of development after blue excitation is explained by the presence of naringenin chalcone. It could affect water and chemical transport and mechanical behaviour of the tomato fruit cuticle.Proyecto RTI2018-094277-BC21, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Web Accessibility Requirements for Media Players

Video Content continues to strenghten on the Web, because of that fact, it is neccessary to include video content with suitable accessibility requirements to be used by all people. User Agent (such as player, browser), also have to include accessibility requirements. In this paper a set of basic guidelines is included for professionals who want to embed video players on their Web.This research work is supported by the Research Network MAVIR (S2009/TIC-1542 (see wwwmavir.net/)), and GEMMA (TSI-020302-2010-141) and SAGAS (TSI-020100-2010-184) research projects

FTIR characterization of isolated fruit cuticles from tomato species

La comunicación arriba reseñada ha sido presentado como póster.The plant cuticle is a lipid extracellular membrane which covers the outer surface of leaves, stems and fruits of higher plants acting as a real interphase between the plant and the environment. The cuticle plays a pivotal role in epidermal development, control of water loss, fruit integrity, firmness and resistance to various disorders [1]. From a morphological point of view, the cuticle (Figure 1) can be described as acutinizedepidermal cell wall [2]. Based on its structural and chemical composition, the cuticle is mainly constituted by a polyester matrix of long chainpolyhydroxy fatty acids named cutin. Additionally, a significant amount of polysaccharides (mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) is also present. Cuticular waxes, a mixture of different very long chain aliphatic compounds, can be either embedded into the cutin matrix (intracuticular waxes) or deposited on the outer surface of the cuticle (epicuticular waxes) [3]. Finally, phenolic compounds (cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids) are also present. In tomato, cuticular flavonoids participate in fruit coloration and their presence is influenced by environmental conditions and the stage of development.As it can be observed in Figure 1, the cuticle has an asymmetrical distribution of its components. In its outer surface waxes and aliphatic compounds are very abundant, while the inner surface is rich in polysaccharides from epidermal cell wall. Two parameters have been studied, the esterification index (the ratio between the intensities of the stretching vibration band related to ester functional groups (1730 cm-1) and the stretching vibration associated with methylene groups (2918 cm-1)), which isa relative measure of the cross-linking degree of the cutin matrix, and the amount of flavonoids, calculated as the sum of 1606 cm-1and 1624 cm-1 band areas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

La mujer como objeto (modelo) y sujeto (fotógrafa) en la fotografía

The aim of this study is to show whether the role of women in the contemporary photography has evolved. We analyze the situation of women as objects (model) and subjects (photographer) starting from a study of the first women photographers. We examine the social conditions and the influence of the images transmitted by the media in the construction and projection of the image of women, analyzing the pioneering and most relevant photographers in contemporary history. Finally we evaluate the gender inequality in relation to the ability to control the projected image of women and their identity through their body in the field of feminist photography.Este trabajo cuestiona la evolución del papel de las mujeres en el ámbito fotográfico contemporáneo. A partir del estudio de las primeras mujeres fotógrafas, se analiza la situación de las mujeres como objeto (modelo) y sujeto (fotógrafa); se reflexiona sobre los condicionamientos sociales y la influencia de las imágenes que transmiten los medios de comunicación en la construcción y proyección de la imagen femenina en la fotografía, analizando las fotógrafas pioneras y más relevantes en la historia contemporánea. Finalmente se valora la desigualdad de género en relación con la capacidad de control sobre la imagen proyectada de las mujeres y su identidad a través del cuerpo en el ámbito de la fotografía feminista