Respectable Citizens: Civic Militias, Local Patriotism, and Social Order in Late Habsburg Austria (1890\u20121920)

This article analyzes the role of urban civic militias (burgher corps) in Habsburg Austria from the end of the nineteenth century to the aftermath of World War I. Far from a remnant of the early modern past, by the turn of the twentieth century these militias were thriving local institutions. They fostered dynastic patriotism and participated in the growing promotion of shooting among the population in the lead-up to the conflict. But they also played a major role in upholding the bourgeois ideals of protection of social hierarchies and property. In the context of the rise of the workers' movement and social unrest, the militias saw themselves as bulwarks of social order and bastions of bourgeois virtue. They reflected an exclusive conception of armed citizenship opposed to the egalitarian notion of the citizen-soldier that survived into the twentieth century. The sensory experience of burgher corps parades during the patriotic or church celebrations was supposed to convey stability and express hierarchies in the urban space. This article also links the practices of armed civilians before the war to the paramilitary groups that emerged in 1918 and emphasizes the legacy of local conceptions of armed defense of property and of notions of \u201cgood\u201d citizenship in the aftermath of the war

The threat from within across Empires: Strikes, Labor Migration, and Violence in Central Europe, 1900-1914

The decade before the First World War saw a heightened level of social and political conflicts throughout Germany and Austria-Hungary. Strikes in pre-1914 central Europe have largely been examined as part of the development of the workers' movement, but much less often from the perspective of the employers and government elites. Their strategies to counteract "strike terrorism"included hiring replacement workers through private strikebreaking agents, who provided a variety of services such as recruitment, transportation, housing, and providing "willing workers"with weapons for their self-defense. The discourses around "strike terrorism,"and the repressive strategies to counter it, are a lens through which we can look afresh at some of the most crucial issues in the history of central European empires in the prewar years, namely the structure of violence embedded in social conflicts, migration, growing political antagonism, and fears surrounding social democracy. This article analyzes the public debate around the protection of "willing workers"as well as concrete episodes of antilabor violence in a transnational framework. It offers a reassessment of social conflicts in the period following the 1905 social mobilizations in central Europe, and it explores the circulation of antilabor measures between Germany and Austria-Hungary, their radicalizing impact, and their connections with labor migration patterns

Street fronts: war, state legitimacy and urban space, Prague 1914-1920

This thesis examines daily life in the city of Prague during the First World War and in its immediate aftermath. Its aim is twofold: to explore the impact of the war on urban space and to analyse the relationship of Prague’s inhabitants to the Austro-Hungarian and then Czechoslovak state. To this end, both the mobilization for the war effort and the crisis of legitimacy experienced by the state are investigated. The two elements are connected: it is precisely because of the great sacrifices made by Praguers during the conflict that the Empire lost the trust of its citizens. Food shortages also constitute a major feature of the war experience and the inappropriate management of supply by the state played a large role in its final collapse. The study goes beyond Czechoslovak independence on 28 October 1918 to fully grasp the continuities between the two polities and the consequences of the war on this transitional period. Beyond the official national revolution, the revolutionary spirit in Prague around the time of regime change reveals the interplay between national and social motives, making it part of a broader European revolutionary movement at the time

Émile Bernard à la Bibliothèque de l’INHA

Nombre des documents présentés dans cette exposition sont conservés à la Bibliothèque de l’INHA, en particulier les trente-trois estampes d’Émile Bernard qui proviennent toutes de la même collection, celle de la Bibliothèque d’art et d’archéologie fondée par Jacques Doucet, aujourd’hui rattachée à l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art. En tout, quatre-vingt-quinze estampes d’Émile Bernard y sont conservées, la plupart achetées par Jacques Doucet. Ce grand couturier, collectionneur et mécène..

L’archéologie à la bibliothèque de l’INHA

Pour réaliser sa mission de développement de l’activité scientifique, l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art disposera à terme des fonds de trois bibliothèques : la Bibliothèque d’art et d’archéologie, la Bibliothèque centrale des musées nationaux et les collections imprimées de la Bibliothèque de l’École nationale des beaux-arts. Les collections de livres, mais aussi de périodiques, d’estampes, d’archives, de manuscrits, de dessins, de photographies sont destinées à être installées dans l’a..

Chroniques de l’éphémère : Le livre de fête dans la collection Jacques Doucet

Les livres de fête sont parmi les plus spectaculaires des nombreux documents rassemblés par Jacques Doucet pour sa bibliothèque d’Art et d’Archéologie, rattachée depuis 2003 à l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art. Comme les fêtes destinées à solenniser chaque acte de la vie publique des souverains, ces livres étaient le produit de la contribution de tous les grands artistes du temps. Baptêmes, mariages, funérailles, couronnements, victoires ou entrées solennelles dans les « bonnes » villes du royaume donnaient lieu à des déploiements de fastes dont les livres se veulent les traces tout aussi fastueuses. L’exposition sur les livres de fête du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle organisée à l’INHA (galerie Colbert à Paris IIe, du 15 septembre au 15 décembre 2010) présente des livres de cette période illustrant des fêtes versaillaises et parisiennes. Ce catalogue accompagne et éclaire la visité et l’étude de ces ouvrages. Dominique Morelon, commissaire de l’exposition et conservatrice en chef, responsable du service du patrimoine de la bibliothèque de l’INHA

Hommage à Sylvain Laboureur

Sylvain Laboureur nous a quittés le 22 novembre 2010 à l’âge de 83 ans. Né à Paris le 25 juin 1927, il apparaissait en petit poisson nageant aux côté d’un grand frère et de parents tout aussi poissons que lui, dans une délicieuse gravure que son père, le peintre graveur Jean-Emile Laboureur, envoya à ses amis pour les vœux de 1928. Cet homme simple et chaleureux, dont la stature rappelait celle de son père, eut, dans sa vie, trois passions. La première fut sa famille : ses parents, sa femme F..

Lessons Learned from the Amputation of a Bilateral Hand Grafted Patient due to Psychiatric Disorders

The importance of psychosocial aspects in upper extremity transplantation (UET) has been emphasized since the beginning of the vascularized composite allotransplantation era. Herein a long-term UET failure mainly due to psychiatric disorders is reported. A young woman amputated in 2004 (electrocution) underwent bilateral UET in 2007. At the time of transplantation the patient underwent a psychological evaluation, which did not completely consider some traits of her personality. Indeed, she had an anxious personality and a tendency to idealize. The trauma of amputation, the injuries associated with the accident, and the short delay between the accident and the transplantation elicited vindictiveness, entitlement, and impulsivity. Following transplantation, she had a high anxiety level, panic attacks, depression, and hypomanic episodes. She was poorly compliant to the rehabilitation program and the immunosuppressive treatment. She developed 13 acute rejection episodes (reversed by appropriate treatment) but neither clinical signs of chronic rejection nor donor specific antibiodies. She developed many severe complications due to the treatment and the psychiatric disorders. At her request, after many interviews, the allografts were removed in 2018. Pathological examination and an angiography performed post-amputation revealed signs of graft vasculopathy of varying severity, in the absence of clinically overt chronic rejection. This case highlights the need to detect during the initial patients’ assessment even mild traits of personality disorders, which could herald psychiatric complications after the transplantation, compromising UET outcomes. It further confirms that skin and vessels are the main targets of the alloimmune response in the UET setting

A stepwise breakdown of B-cell tolerance occurs within renal allografts during chronic rejection

Autoantibodies detected after kidney transplantation may contribute to chronic rejection. We and others have previously described the organization of immune effectors into functional intragraft tertiary lymphoid tissue, a site where breakdown of B-cell tolerance may occur. To test this, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 26 chronically rejected kidney grafts. Antibodies were screened by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp2 cells, a procedure that detects antibodies to intracellular antigens, and monkey kidney sections, which detects kidney tissue autoantigens. The incidence of anti-HEp2 autoantibodies was significantly higher in graft explant culture supernatants than in patient sera. Reactivity against monkey kidney sections was detected in almost half of culture supernatants with anti-HEp2 autoantibodies. A local enrichment in T helper 17 and B-cell-activating factor (CD257) correlated with intragraft production of anti-HEp2 antibodies. A decrease in Tregs and a symmetric increase of activated OX40 (CD134)-expressing CD4+ T cells were found in grafts in which anti-kidney autoantibodies were produced. Thus, a stepwise breakdown of B-cell tolerance occurs within the graft during chronic rejection. Hence, the intragraft microenvironment interferes with peripheral deletion of autoreactive immature B cells that, in turn, produce antibodies against intracellular autoantigens. When intragraft immune regulation is insufficient, spreading of the local response against kidney autoantigens is favored