8,590 research outputs found
Universal reduction of pressure between charged surfaces by long-wavelength surface charge modulation
We predict theoretically that long-wavelength surface charge modulations
universally reduce the pressure between the charged surfaces with counterions
compared with the case of uniformly charged surfaces with the same average
surface charge density. The physical origin of this effect is the fact that
surface charge modulations always lead to enhanced counterion localization near
the surfaces, and hence, fewer charges at the midplane. We confirm the last
prediction with Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 8 pages 1 figure, Europhys. Lett., in pres
Note on the point-splitting procedure to evaluate vacuum fluctuation in certain cylindrically symmetric backgrounds
We revisit two-point function approaches used to study vacuum fluctuation in
wedge-shaped regions and conical backgrounds. Appearance of divergent integrals
is discussed and circumvented. The issue is considered in the context of a
massless scalar field in cosmic string spacetime.Comment: REVTeX file, 7 page
Aspects of classical and quantum motion on a flux cone
Motion of a non-relativistic particle on a cone with a magnetic flux running
through the cone axis (a ``flux cone'') is studied. It is expressed as the
motion of a particle moving on the Euclidean plane under the action of a
velocity-dependent force. Probability fluid (``quantum flow'') associated with
a particular stationary state is studied close to the singularity,
demonstrating non trivial Aharonov-Bohm effects. For example, it is shown that
near the singularity quantum flow departs from classical flow. In the context
of the hydrodynamical approach to quantum mechanics, quantum potential due to
the conical singularity is determined and the way it affects quantum flow is
analysed. It is shown that the winding number of classical orbits plays a role
in the description of the quantum flow. Connectivity of the configuration space
is also discussed.Comment: LaTeX file, 21 pages, 8 figure
Levantamento de adultos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) utilizando armadilha de feromônio em área comercial de milho Bt.
On Field Induced Diaelastic Effect in a Small Josephson Contact
An analog of the diaelastic effect is predicted to occur in a small Josephson
contact with Josephson vortices manifesting itself as magnetic field induced
softening of the contact shear modulus C(T,H). In addition to Fraunhofer type
field oscillations, C(T,H) is found to exhibit pronounced flux driven
temperature oscillations near T_C
Dinâmicas socioecológicas no semiárido baiano a partir do acesso a água: o caso da família Santos.
Elastic and magnetic effects on the infrared phonon spectra of MnF2
We measured the temperature dependent infrared reflectivity spectra of MnF2
between 4 K and room temperature. We show that the phonon spectrum undergoes a
strong renormalization at TN. The ab-initio calculation we performed on this
compound accurately predict the magnitude and the direction of the phonon
parameters changes across the antiferromagnetic transition, showing that they
are mainly induced by the magnetic order. In this material, we found that the
dielectric constant is mostly from phonon origin. The large change in the
lattice parameters with temperature seen by X-ray diffraction as well as the
A2u phonon softening below TN indicate that magnetic order induced distortions
in MnF2 are compatible with the ferroelectric instabilities observed in TiO2,
FeF2 and other rutile-type fluorides. This study also shows the anomalous
temperature evolution of the lower energy Eu mode in the paramagnetic phase,
which can be compared to that of the B1g one seen by Raman spectroscopy in many
isostructural materials. This was interpreted as being a precursor of a phase
transition from rutile to CaCl2 structure which was observed under pressure in
ZnF2.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, updated version accepted in PR
Scaling and Universality in the Counterion-Condensation Transition at Charged Cylinders
We address the critical and universal aspects of counterion-condensation
transition at a single charged cylinder in both two and three spatial
dimensions using numerical and analytical methods. By introducing a novel
Monte-Carlo sampling method in logarithmic radial scale, we are able to
numerically simulate the critical limit of infinite system size (corresponding
to infinite-dilution limit) within tractable equilibration times. The critical
exponents are determined for the inverse moments of the counterionic density
profile (which play the role of the order parameters and represent the inverse
localization length of counterions) both within mean-field theory and within
Monte-Carlo simulations. In three dimensions (3D), correlation effects
(neglected within mean-field theory) lead to an excessive accumulation of
counterions near the charged cylinder below the critical temperature
(condensation phase), while surprisingly, the critical region exhibits
universal critical exponents in accord with the mean-field theory. In two
dimensions (2D), we demonstrate, using both numerical and analytical
approaches, that the mean-field theory becomes exact at all temperatures
(Manning parameters), when number of counterions tends to infinity. For finite
particle number, however, the 2D problem displays a series of peculiar singular
points (with diverging heat capacity), which reflect successive de-localization
events of individual counterions from the central cylinder. In both 2D and 3D,
the heat capacity shows a universal jump at the critical point, and the energy
develops a pronounced peak. The asymptotic behavior of the energy peak location
is used to locate the critical temperature, which is also found to be universal
and in accordance with the mean-field prediction.Comment: 31 pages, 16 figure
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