Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Congenital malformations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors Malformações congênitas no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados a sua ocorrência

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of congenital malformations and their correlation with socioeconomic and maternal variables. The design was cross-sectional, based on a sample of 9,386 postpartum women after admission for childbirth in maternity hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the immediate postpartum, as well as by consulting the patient records of both the mothers and newborn infants. Prevalence of congenital malformations at birth was 1.7%, and minor malformations were the most frequent. Neural tube defects were the most frequent major malformations. According to multivariate analysis, congenital malformations were statistically associated with: maternity hospitals belonging to or outsourced by the Unified National Health System (SUS) and inadequate prenatal care (&frac34; 3 visits). This study highlights the importance of measures for health promotion and disease prevention in childbearing-age women, with special attention to prenatal care and childbirth, which can directly influence neonatal indicators and prevention of birth defects.<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivo estimar a prevalência ao nascimento das malformações congênitas e sua associação com escolaridade e outras características maternas. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, a partir de uma amostra de 9.386 puérperas hospitalizadas em maternidades do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no momento do parto, no período de 1999 a 2001. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas com as mães, no pós-parto imediato, assim como consulta aos prontuários das puérperas e dos recém-nascidos. A prevalência ao nascimento de malformação congênita foi de 1,7% e as malformações menores foram as mais freqüentes (polidactilia e pé torto congênito). Os defeitos de fechamento do tubo neural foram as principais anomalias maiores detectadas. Na análise multivariada, a anomalia congênita esteve associada à maternidade ser pública ou conveniada com o SUS e receber inadequada assistência pré-natal (até três consultas). Ressalta-se neste estudo a importância de ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos a mulheres em idade fértil, com atenção especial para o atendimento ao pré-natal e ao parto, que podem repercutir diretamente nos indicadores infantis e na prevenção das anomalias congênitas