Exercise-induced left septal fascicular block: an expression of severe myocardial ischemia

The electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria for the left septal fascicular block (LSFB) are not universally accepted and many other denominations can be seen in literature: focal septal block, septal focal block, left septal fascicular block, left anterior septal block, septal fascicular conduction disorder of the left branch, left septal Purkinje network block, left septal subdivision block of the left bundle branch, anterior conduction delay, left median hemiblock, left medial subdivision block of the left bundle branch, middle fascicle block, block of the anteromedial division of the left bundle branch of His, and anteromedial divisional block. During exercise stress test, fascicular blocks (left anterior and posterior) seem to indicate severe coronary artery narrowing of left main coronary or proximal left anterior descending artery disease1 and transient exercise-induced left septal fascicular block has been reported a few times2,3. 54-year-old male, with a history of essential arterial systemic hypertension, primary hyperlipidemia and six-month typical chest pain during exercise (Class II – Canadian Cardiovascular Society) underwent an exercise stress test. During the exercise stress test, ECG demonstrated abrupt prominent anterior forces, an increase in R wave amplitude from V1 to V4, extreme left axis deviation and minor ST segment depression in DII, DIII and aVF (Figure 1). The post-exercise period showed progressive return of the QRS axis in both frontal and horizontal planes and the ST depression worsened by 1 mm. Coronary angiogram (Figure 2A) showed a critical proximal left anterior descending artery lesion. An exercise stress test done three months after coronary artery bypass surgery grafting was normal (Figure 2B)

Integration of e-portfolios in learning management systems

The LMS plays a decisive role in most eLearning environments. Although they integrate many useful tools for managing eLearning activities, they must also be effectively integrated with other specialized systems typically found in an educational environment such as Repositories of Learning Objects or ePortfolio Systems. Both types of systems evolved separately but in recent years the trend is to combine them, allowing the LMS to benefit from using the ePortfolio assessment features. This paper details the most common strategies for integrating an ePortfolio system into an LMS: the data, the API and the tool integration strategies. It presents a comparative study of strategies based on the technical skills, degree of coupling, security features, batch integration, development effort, status and standardization. This study is validated through the integration of two of the most representative systems on each category - respectively Mahara and Moodle

Identifying functional subdivisions in the medial frontal cortex

[Excerpt] The medial frontal cortex (MFC) is thought to be involved in numerous sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective processes. This region is commonly divided into separate subregions, including the anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA), and the pre-SMA, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior frontal poles (Amodio and Frith, 2006). The activity of the MFC is highly heterogeneous. Activation of the MFC is reported in many fMRI studies, and it is associated with a variety of processes, including action monitoring (Bonini et al., 2014), response conflict (Gehring and Fencsik, 2001), reward (Taylor et al., 2006), and decision-making (Kahnt et al., 2011). This creates uncertainty in the identification of specific psychological states associated with patterns of activity in the MFC, referred as the reverse inference problem. (...)P. S. M. was supported by PhD-iHES Program FCT Fellowship Grant PDE/BDE/113601/2015. R.M. was supported by PhD-iHES Program FCT Fellowship Grant PDE/BDE/113604/2015. P.M. was supported by Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian Contract Grant P-139977 (“Better mental health during ageing based on temporal prediction of individual brain ageing trajectories”)

Gerber File Parsing for Conversion to Bitmap Image–The VINCI7D Case Study

The technological market is increasingly evolving as evidenced by the innovative and streamlined manufacturing processes. Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) are widely employed in the electronics fabrication industry, resorting to the Gerber open standard format to transfer the manufacturing data. The Gerber format describes not only metadata related to the manufacturing process but also the PCB image. To be able to map the electronic circuit pattern to be printed, a parser to convert Gerber files into a bitmap image is required. The current literature as well as available Gerber viewers and libraries showed limitations mainly in the Gerber format support, focusing only on a subset of commands. In this work, the development of a recursive descent approach for parsing Gerber files is described, outlining its interpretation and the renderization of 2D bitmap images. All the defined commands in the specification based on Gerber X2 generation were successfully rendered, unlike the tested commercial parsers used in the experiments. Moreover, the obtained results were comparable to those parsers regarding the commands they can execute as well as the ground-truth, emphasizing the accuracy of the proposed approach. Its top-down and recursive architecture allows easy integration with other software regardless of the platform, highlighting its potential inclusion and integration in the production of electronic circuits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Size variations of the vestibula of Krithe gnoma DO CARMO & SANGUINETTI, 1999 (Ostracoda) : a new procedure for their analysis

A espécie Krithe gnoma foi descrita a partir de sedimentos do Holoceno da margem continental do Brasil onde a mesma ocorre da plataforma ao talude. Nesta margem continental, a distribuição desta espécie é restrita a áreas de influência da corrente das Malvinas entre latitudes de 32°11'/22°31'S. K. gnoma foi selecionada para ser utilizada no presente estudo devido a excelente resolução alcançada no imageamento do vestíbulo anterior. Desta forma, K. gnoma foi utilizada para medir as diferenças de tamanho do vestíbulo e para avaliar a relação entre o tamanho do vestíbulo e a quantidade de oxigênio dissolvido na água do mar nas áreas de coleta. Valvas de fêmeas adultas foram comparadas e analisadas através das medições dos tamanhos do vestíbulo anterior. Os resultados mostram que o vestíbulo das valvas direita e esquerda de uma mesma carapaça são distintos. Neste caso, a valva maior apresenta também o maior vestíbulo. Um estágio gerôntico do 8°. Instar e, por isso com tamanho de valva maior do que aqueles das outras valvas do 7°. Instar, apresenta o menor tamanho do vestíbulo. Com a análise das valvas esquerdas do 7°. Instar, coletadas em distintas localidades, tornou-se aparente que existiam diferenças consistente no tamanho do vestíbulo. Neste caso, foi possível observar uma relação inversamente proporcional entre o tamanho do vestíbulo o conteúdo de oxigênio. No entanto, considerando a pobreza do fator de correlação (R2<<1), estes resultados não são válidos para se avaliar a hipótese de PEYPOUQUET. Mesmo assim, está claramente mostrado que há variações do vestíbulo de K. gnoma. Neste sentido, vale salitentar que é importante avaliar as variações do vestíbulo em espécies de Krithe seguindo o procedimento aqui sugerido. Pois, desta forma pode-se evitar variações de tamanho devido a ontogenia, dimorfismo e aqueles relacionados a tamanhos de valvas distintos. Estes resultados mostram que variações do vestíbulo são potencialmente de natureza fenotípica. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe species Krithe gnoma was described from Holocene sediments on the continental margin of Brazil, where it occurs on both shelf and slope. The shelf distribution of this species is restricted to those areas influenced by the Malvinas current between 32°11' and 22°31'S. K. gnoma was selected due to the excellent resolution of images of the anterior vestibule. So the range in size of the vestibula of this species was used to determine whether or not the dimensions of the anterior vestibule were to some degree related to amount of dissolved oxygen in the water at the sampling site. Female valves of the 7th and 8th instars were measured and their sizes and those of the anterior vestibule were compared. These valves and the reference carapace were collected at six localities in the southern shelf area. The anterior vestibule of right and left valves of the 7th instar and one of the 8th instar from discrete localities were measured. In the reference carapace, the larger left valve also has the larger vestibule. A gerontic 8th instar has valves larger than those of the previous instars, but its vestibula are smaller than those of the 7th instar. The vestibula of the left valves of the 7th instar collected at discrete localities showed consistent differences in size related to the oxygen content of the sampling site. The relationship between vestibule size and oxygen content is inversely proportional. However, the poor correlation factor (R2<<1) of these results are not precise enough to support PEYPOUQUET's hypothesis. But the size of the vestibula of K. gnoma does show some degree of relationship to oxygen content. So it is important to measure the vestibula of species of Krithe using the procedure described here. Rigorous application of this procedure will eliminate the possibility of discrimination based on variations in size due to ontogeny and dimorphism leaving only those related to actual valve size. In any case, variations in the size of vestibula may have a phenotypic origin. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉNouvelle procédure pour analyser les variations des tailles de vestibules chez Krithe gnoma DO CARMO & SANGUINETTI, 1999 (Ostracoda).- L'espèce Krithe gnoma a été décrite dans des sédiments de l'Holocène de la marge continentale du Brésil, où elle est présente de la plateforme au talus. Le long de cette marge continentale, la distribution de cette espèce sur la plate-forme est restreinte aux régions influencées par le courant des Malouines à des latitudes comprises entre 32°11' et 22°31'S. K. gnoma a été choisie pour cette étude en raison des excellents résulats apportés par la forme du vestibule antérieur. On a mesuré les différentes tailles de vestibule et évalué la relation entre la taille de celui-ci et la concentration en oxygène des eaux océaniques sur les sites d'échantillonnage. Les valves des femelles adultes ont été analysées en mesurant et comparant la taille de leur vestibule antérieur. Les résultats sont basés sur l'observation du vestibule des 2 valves de carapaces d'individus appartenant tous au stade ontogénétique 7 dans des sites différents. Le vestible le plus grand se trouvant sur la valve gauche, la plus grande. Un stade ontogénétique 8, de taille supérieure, a été observé montrant un vestibule plus petit que chez le stade 7. Après avoir analysé les vestibules des valves gauches des stades 7 recoltés dans des sites différents, il est apparu que des différences de tailles notables existaient. Dans ce cas, il a été possible d'observer une relation inversement proportionelle entre la taille du vestibule et la concentration en oxygène. Compte tenu du faible facteur de corrélation (R2 < <1), ces résulats ne permettent pas d'évaluer l'hypothèse de PEYPOUQUET. Néanmoins, des variations de taille du vestibules de K. gnoma ont été clairement observées. Il est important d'analyser les vestibules des espèces de Krithe en utilisant la procédure présentée dans ce travail. En suivant ce protocole, on évite l'effet des variations de taille due à l'ontogénie, le dimorphisme ou d'autres facteurs. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les variations de la taille du vestibule sont potentiellement d'origine phénotypiqu