Type I interferons in tuberculosis: Foe and occasionally friend

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and, despite its clinical significance, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of pathogenic and protective mechanisms triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Type I interferons (IFN) regulate a broad family of genes that either stimulate or inhibit immune function, having both host-protective and detrimental effects, and exhibit well-characterized antiviral activity. Transcriptional studies have uncovered a potential deleterious role for type I IFN in active tuberculosis. Since then, additional studies in human tuberculosis and experimental mouse models of M. tuberculosis infection support the concept that type I IFN promotes both bacterial expansion and disease pathogenesis. More recently, studies in a different setting have suggested a putative protective role for type I IFN. In this study, we discuss the mechanistic and contextual factors that determine the detrimental versus beneficial outcomes of type I IFN induction during M. tuberculosis infection, from human disease to experimental mouse models of tuberculosis

Influência do estado nutricional na cianogênese de clones de copa de seringueira.

A determinação do potencial cianogênico (HCNp) em folhas jovens de clones de copa de seringueira mostrou uma grande variação nos valores de amostras de indivíduos de mesmo clone plantados em áreas distintas. Para constatar a possível influência do estado nutricional na formação dos glicosídios cianogênicos foram feitas correlações entre os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn e o HCNp determinado nas folhas jovens dos clones de copa CPAA C 01 e CPAA C 81. Dos nutrientes analisados, foram verificadas interações significativas apenas com os teores de nitrogênio e manganês

Alterações na rizosfera em resposta a aplicação de glifosato e zinco na soja.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeito da aplicação de glifosato na absorção de zinco (Zn) na rizosfera. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com caixa tipo ?Tetra Pak?, revestidas externamente com papel alumínio, contendo 1,2 quilos do Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas doses de Zn (0 e 5 mg kg-1 - fonte: ZnSO4×7H2O) e duas cultivares parentais (BRS 133 e BRS 245RR), sendo que a última foi também dividida em dois tratamentos: com e sem glifosato (Roundup Ready®). Foram determinados a produção de matéria seca, teores de Zn2+ disponível e H+ trocável fora e dentro da rizosfera, teor total de Zn nas folhas (R1) e raízes. Os resultados mostram que a aplicação de glifosato interfere na rizosfera diminuindo a absorção de Zn pelas plantas

Even-odd effects in the electrical conductance of a three terminals device composed by linear chains: an analytical approach

"Available online 6 May 2022"In this work we propose a theoretical study of odd-even effects in charge transport through a linear three terminal chain device. We use the Landauer approach, with the electronic structure treated at tight binding (TB) level and model the self-energy as an energy independent parameter. Moreover, we use decimation techniques to renormalize the system, reducing it into a 3 × 3 matrix, so as to make an analytical treatment. By varying the size of the chain, we alter not only the parity of the full system but also the parity of each possible pathway and show how odd-even effect appears in the transmission function, local density of states and the behavior of the electrical current as function of the parity. Our theoretical approach reveals, in a clear way, how the parity of each branch competes with the parity of the full system to the conductance values near the Fermi level.This research was carried out with financial support from Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil). L. Marques acknowledge the financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020 and projects SATRAP (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028108), SATRAP+( EXPL/FIS-MAC/0947/2021). The authors also acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing access to STAMPEDE2 - HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper

Double versus single junction: from tunneling to contact regime in a double quantum dot molecule system

In this work a theoretical study of the charge transport through a nanostructure composed by a double quantum dot was made by treating the system in two different ways: as single junction (SJ) within the scanning tunneling microscopy theory and a double junction (DJ) within the usual non equilibrium Green's function theory approach. In the first case (SJ), the three blocks - contact-device-contact - is treated as a single junction by 'breaking' the nanostructure into two parts and considering each one as belonging to an 'extended contact'. In the DJ case, the usual treatment with two contacts-related broadening and the exact Green's function describing the propagation inside the system was made. Proceeding in this way, for a minimum two-level model system, we show that the results obtained with the SJ and DJ treatment are identical despite they start with a different general formulae for transmission. Finally, both treatments were used with a minimal model for a biphenyl system in an asymmetric sample-biphenyl-tip configuration and analyzed in terms of a SJ point of view bringing another perspective to the main features of this system.This research was carried out with financial support from Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil) . L. Marques acknowledges the financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020 and project SATRAP (POCI010145FEDER028108)

A new mechanism for anticipating price exuberance

It is very important for investors, market regulators, and policy makers to possess a trustworthy ex-ante tool capable of anticipating price exuberance events. This paper proposes a new statistical mechanism to predict speculative bubbles by inferring a significant probability of exuberance at least one step ahead of a bubble peak period. Contrary to other approaches, we combine asset pricing modeling and non-stationarity statistical analysis and use both in the context of adaptive learning to build a dynamic model specification. Monte Carlo simulations show that the ex-ante prediction is improved enormously by adding the estimated abnormal returns into the model. In some cases our mechanism predicts 100% of the last bubbles of the sample up to five periods before the peak. Furthermore, the mechanism is able to successfully anticipate the technological bubble observed in the 1990’s by estimating a probability greater than 90%, one month before the bubble peak. Thus, this new mechanism provides an advantage for investors interested in performing a very profitable “bubble surfing” strategy and for market regulators whose responsibility is to maintain market efficiency.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Irrigação do arroz de terras altas em função da porcentagem de cobertura do solo pela palhada, no sistema plantio direto.

Introdução; Coeficiente do tanque; Coeficiente de cultura; Controle de irrigação.bitstream/CNPAF/23535/1/circ_69.pd