557 research outputs found
Robust control of ill-conditioned plants: high-purity distillation
Using a high-purity distillation column as an example, the physical reason for the poor conditioning and its implications on control system design and performance are explained. It is shown that an acceptable performance/robustness tradeoff cannot be obtained by simple loop-shaping techniques (using singular values) and that a good understanding of the model uncertainty is essential for robust control system design. Physically motivated uncertainty descriptions (actuator uncertainties) are translated into the H∞/structured singular value framework, which is demonstrated to be a powerful tool to analyze and understand the complex phenomena
Computational complexity of μ calculation
The structured singular value μ measures the robustness of uncertain systems. Numerous researchers over the last decade have worked on developing efficient methods for computing μ. This paper considers the complexity of calculating μ with general mixed real/complex uncertainty in the framework of combinatorial complexity theory. In particular, it is proved that the μ recognition problem with either pure real or mixed real/complex uncertainty is NP-hard. This strongly suggests that it is futile to pursue exact methods for calculating μ of general systems with pure real or mixed uncertainty for other than small problems
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of metallocene multiple-decker sandwich nanowires
We present a study of the electronic and magnetic properties of the
multiple-decker sandwich nanowires () composed of cyclopentadienyl (CP)
rings and 3d transition metal atoms (M=Ti to Ni) using first-principles
techniques. We demonstrate using Density Functional Theory that structural
relaxation play an important role in determining the magnetic ground-state of
the system. Notably, the computed magnetic moment is zero in , while in
a significant turn-up in magnetic moment is evidenced. Two compounds
show a half-metallic ferromagnetic ground state with a gap within
minority/majority spin channel. In order to study the effect of electronic
correlations upon the half-metallic ground states in , we introduce a
simplified three-bands Hubbard model which is solved within the Variational
Cluster Approach. We discuss the results as a function of size of the reference
cluster and the strength of average Coulomb and exchange parameters.
Our results demonstrate that for the range of studied parameters and
the half-metallic character is not maintained in the presence of
local Coulomb interactions.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, submited to PR
Multivariable Anti-Windup and Bumpless Transfer: A General Theory
A general theory is developed to address the anti-windup/bumpless transfer (AWBT) problem. Analysis results applicable to any linear time invariant system subject to plant input limitations and substitutions are presented. Quantitative performance objectives for AWBT compensation are outlined and several proposed AWBT methods are evaluated in light of these objectives. A synthesis procedure which highlights the performance trade-offs for AWBT compensation design is outlined
Transmission through correlated CuCoCu heterostructures
The effects of local electronic interactions and finite temperatures upon the
transmission across the CuCoCu metallic heterostructure are studied in
a combined density functional and dynamical mean field theory. It is shown
that, as the electronic correlations are taken into account via a local but
dynamic self-energy, the total transmission at the Fermi level gets reduced
(predominantly in the minority spin channel), whereby the spin polarization of
the transmission increases. The latter is due to a more significant
-electrons contribution, as compared to the non-correlated case in which the
transport is dominated by and electrons.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures, submited to PR
Memory Effect and Triplet Pairing Generation in the Superconducting Exchange Biased Co/CoOx/Cu41Ni59/Nb/Cu41Ni59 Layered Heterostructure
We fabricated a nanolayered hybrid superconductor-ferromagnet spin-valve
structure, the resistive state of which depends on the preceding magnetic field
polarity. The effect is based on a strong exchange bias (about -2 kOe) on a
diluted ferromagnetic copper-nickel alloy and generation of a long range odd in
frequency triplet pairing component. The difference of high and low resistance
states at zero magnetic field is 90% of the normal state resistance for a
transport current of 250 {\mu}A and still around 42% for 10 {\mu}A. Both logic
states of the structure do not require biasing fields or currents in the idle
mode.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Accepted to Applied Physics Letter
Magnetism and electronic structure calculation of SmN
The results of the electronic structure calculations performed on SmN by
using the LDA+U method with and without including the spin-orbit coupling are
presented. Within the LDA+U approach, a N(2) band polarization of is induced by Sm(4)-N(2) hybridization, and a half-metallic
ground state is obtained. By including spin-orbit coupling the magnetic
structure was shown to be antiferromagnetic of type II, with Sm spin and
orbital moments nearly cancelling. This results into a semiconducting ground
state, which is in agreement with experimental results.Comment: Submitted to JPCM, 12 pages, 4 figure
Testing the EPIC Richards submodel for simulating soil water dynamics under different bottom boundary conditions
AbstractMost biogeochemical models simulate water dynamics using the tipping bucket approach, which has been often found to be too simplistic to represent vadose zone dynamics adequately under shallow groundwater conditions. Recently, a solution to the Richards equation using the Mualem–van Genuchten model (Rich‐vGM) has been added into the EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) model to address this shortfall. Its performance was tested using lysimeters operating under free drainage (FD) and at a shallow water table (60‐ [WT60] and 120‐cm depth [WT120]). Model accuracy was also compared with the upgraded tipping bucket‐based method implemented into EPIC (the variable saturation hydraulic conductivity method [VSHC]). Soil water content (SWC) data were split into calibration and validation subsets. Model evaluation also included annual evapotranspiration (ET), percolation (PRK), and upward water movements to assess underlying soil water balance factors. The submodels provided accurate and similar results upon comparison with SWC measures under FD (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient [NSE] = 0.26 and 0.61 using VSHC and Rich‐vGM, respectively). The Rich‐vGM model accurately reproduced observed SWC and ET (e.g., NSE = 0.70 and percentage bias [PBIAS] = −3.7% for WT120, respectively) although it slightly overestimated PRK (PBIAS = 47.8%, on average). Instead, VSHC proved unable to correctly simulate shallow groundwater conditions (e.g., NSE = −1.85 for WT60 SWC). Under shallow groundwater conditions, the Rich‐vGM method is recommended, despite the additional data required and the need to define the bottom boundary conditions according to water table fluctuations. In conclusion, the Richards solver introduced and tested in EPIC improved the model's ability to represent complex biophysical and biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems associated with the hydrological balance
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