523 research outputs found
Calibrated quantum thermometry in cavity optomechanics
Cavity optomechanics has achieved the major breakthrough of the preparation
and observation of macroscopic mechanical oscillators in peculiarly quantum
states. The development of reliable indicators of the oscillator properties in
these conditions is important also for applications to quantum technologies. We
compare two procedures to infer the oscillator occupation number, minimizing
the necessity of system calibrations. The former starts from homodyne spectra,
the latter is based on the measurement of the motional sidebands asymmetry in
heterodyne spectra. Moreover, we describe and discuss a method to control the
cavity detuning, that is a crucial parameter for the accuracy of the latter,
intrinsically superior procedure
Opposing Effects of Response Time in HumanâChatbot Interaction: The Moderating Role of Prior Experience
Research has shown that employing social cues (e.g., name, human-like avatar) in chatbot design enhances usersâ social presence perceptions and their chatbot usage intentions. However, the picture is less clear for the social cue of chatbot response time. While some researchers argue that instant responses make chatbots appear unhuman-like, others suggest that delayed responses are perceived less positively. Drawing on social response theory and expectancy violations theory, this study investigates whether usersâ prior experience with chatbots clarifies the inconsistencies in the literature. In a lab experiment (N = 202), participants interacted with a chatbot that responded either instantly or with a delay. The results reveal that a delayed response time has opposing effects on social presence and usage intentions and shed light on the differences between novice users and experienced users â that is, those who have not interacted with a chatbot before vs. those who have. This study contributes to information systems literature by identifying prior experience as a key moderating factor that shapes usersâ social responses to chatbots and by reconciling inconsistencies in the literature regarding the role of chatbot response time. For practitioners, this study points out a drawback of the widely adopted âone-design-fits-allâ approach to chatbot design
Opposing Effects of Response Time in HumanâChatbot Interaction
Research has shown that employing social cues (e.g., name, human-like avatar) in chatbot design enhances usersâ social presence perceptions and their chatbot usage intentions. However, the picture is less clear for the social cue of chatbot response time. While some researchers argue that instant responses make chatbots appear unhuman-like, others suggest that delayed responses are perceived less positively. Drawing on social response theory and expectancy violations theory, this study investigates whether usersâ prior experience with chatbots clarifies the inconsistencies in the literature. In a lab experiment (N = 202), participants interacted with a chatbot that responded either instantly or with a delay. The results reveal that a delayed response time has opposing effects on social presence and usage intentions and shed light on the differences between novice users and experienced users â that is, those who have not interacted with a chatbot before vs. those who have. This study contributes to information systems literature by identifying prior experience as a key moderating factor that shapes usersâ social responses to chatbots and by reconciling inconsistencies in the literature regarding the role of chatbot response time. For practitioners, this study points out a drawback of the widely adopted âone-design-fits-allâ approach to chatbot design
Opposing Effects of Response Time in HumanâChatbot Interaction: The Moderating Role of Prior Experience
Research has shown that employing social cues (e.g., name, human-like avatar) in chatbot design enhances usersâ social presence perceptions and their chatbot usage intentions. However, the picture is less clear for the social cue of chatbot response time. While some researchers argue that instant responses make chatbots appear unhuman-like, others suggest that delayed responses are perceived less positively. Drawing on social response theory and expectancy violations theory, this study investigates whether usersâ prior experience with chatbots clarifies the inconsistencies in the literature. In a lab experiment (N = 202), participants interacted with a chatbot that responded either instantly or with a delay. The results reveal that a delayed response time has opposing effects on social presence and usage intentions and shed light on the differences between novice users and experienced users â that is, those who have not interacted with a chatbot before vs. those who have. This study contributes to information systems literature by identifying prior experience as a key moderating factor that shapes usersâ social responses to chatbots and by reconciling inconsistencies in the literature regarding the role of chatbot response time. For practitioners, this study points out a drawback of the widely adopted âone-design-fits-allâ approach to chatbot design
Control of Recoil Losses in Nanomechanical SiN Membrane Resonators
In the context of a recoil damping analysis, we have designed and produced a
membrane resonator equipped with a specific on-chip structure working as a
"loss shield" for a circular membrane. In this device the vibrations of the
membrane, with a quality factor of , reach the limit set by the intrinsic
dissipation in silicon nitride, for all the modes and regardless of the modal
shape, also at low frequency. Guided by our theoretical model of the loss
shield, we describe the design rationale of the device, which can be used as
effective replacement of commercial membrane resonators in advanced
optomechanical setups, also at cryogenic temperatures
Carbon Cycling of Lake Kivu (East Africa): Net Autotrophy in the Epilimnion and Emission of CO2 to the Atmosphere Sustained by Geogenic Inputs
We report organic and inorganic carbon distributions and fluxes in a large (>2000 km2) oligotrophic, tropical lake (Lake Kivu, East Africa), acquired during four field surveys, that captured the seasonal variations (March 2007âmid rainy season, September 2007âlate dry season, June 2008âearly dry season, and April 2009âlate rainy season). The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in surface waters of the main basin of Lake Kivu showed modest spatial (coefficient of variation between 3% and 6%), and seasonal variations with an amplitude of 163 ppm (between 579±23 ppm on average in March 2007 and 742±28 ppm on average in September 2007). The most prominent spatial feature of the pCO2 distribution was the very high pCO2 values in Kabuno Bay (a small sub-basin with little connection to the main lake) ranging between 11213 ppm and 14213 ppm (between 18 and 26 times higher than in the main basin). Surface waters of the main basin of Lake Kivu were a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere at an average rate of 10.8 mmol mâ2 dâ1, which is lower than the global average reported for freshwater, saline, and volcanic lakes. In Kabuno Bay, the CO2 emission to the atmosphere was on average 500.7 mmol mâ2 dâ1 (~46 times higher than in the main basin). Based on whole-lake mass balance of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) bulk concentrations and of its stable carbon isotope composition, we show that the epilimnion of Lake Kivu was net autotrophic. This is due to the modest river inputs of organic carbon owing to the small ratio of catchment area to lake surface area (2.15). The carbon budget implies that the CO2 emission to the atmosphere must be sustained by DIC inputs of geogenic origin from deep geothermal springs.AFRIVA
Magnetic resonance imaging in children: common problems and possible solutions for lung and airways imaging
Pediatric chest MRI is challenging. High-resolution scans of the lungs and airways are compromised by long imaging times, low lung proton density and motion. Low signal is a problem of normal lung. Lung abnormalities commonly cause increased signal intenstities. Among the most important factors for a successful MRI is patient cooperation, so the long acquisition times make patient preparation crucial. Children usually have problems with long breath-holds and with the concept of quiet breathing. Young children are even more challenging because of higher cardiac and respiratory rates giving motion blurring. For these reasons, CT has often been preferred over MRI for chest pediatric imaging. Despite its drawbacks, MRI also has advantages over CT, which justifies its further development and clinical use. The most important advantage is the absence of ionizing radiation, which allows frequent scanning for short- and long-term follow-up studies of chronic diseases. Moreover, MRI allows assessment of functional aspects of the chest, such as lung perfusion and ventilation, or airways and diaphragm mechanics. In this review, we describe the most common MRI acquisition techniques on the verge of clinical translation, their problems and the possible solutions to make chest MRI feasible in children
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