DEVELOPMENTS AND BENEFITS OF LIQUID FEEDING THROUGH FERMENTATION FOR THE POST-WEANED PIG

A programme of study was undertaken to assess the safety and palatability of fermented liquid feed. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to select an inoculant capable of fermenting liquid feed at 20°C. Whilst combinations of cultures dropped the pH the most rapidly, the Lb. plantarum (PC) strain decreased the pH the lowest. A series of trials were conducted using a rifampicin mutant of Lb. plantarum (PC) to examine the fate of the starter culture. In an experiment using liquid milled wheat the addition of the starter culture resulted in an improvement in the inhibition of coliforms over the control (no inoculant). A series of fermentations prepared using Lb. plantarum (PC) were challenged with potential porcine pathogens at three temperatures (20°, 30° and 37°C) and after the feed had been fermented for different periods of time (24, 48, 72 and 96h). This study demonstrated that fermentation is an effective mechanism for eliminating potential porcine pathogens from liquid feed, However, the rate at which these pathogens are inactivated is dependent on temperature, duration of fermentation and challenge strain. The effect of temperature on the ability of E. coli and Salmonella spp. to survive in fermented liquid feed has implications for the management of liquid feeding systems. A study was conducted to examine the effect of feed form on the microbiology of the young piglets' gut. The benefits of feeding a FLF diet compared with a non-fermented liquid feed (NFLF), a conventional pelleted dry feed (DF) and leaving the piglet to continue to suckle the dam (S) for two weeks post-weaning were assessed. No coliforms bacteria (< 3.0 log10 cfu gˉ¹) were detected at the terminal ileum section of pigs fed FLF compared with 8.5, 8.1 and 6.0 log10 cfu gˉ¹ digesta in DF, NFLF and S pigs respectively. These results have implications in terms of .piglet health and dietary prevention of enteric diseases.Alltech Biotechnology Inc

Conventional, regulatory, and unconventional T cells in the immunologic response to helicobacter pylori

Infection by the gastroduodenal pathogen Helicobacter pylori elicits a complex immunologic response in the mucosa involving neutrophils, plasma cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, of which T cells are the principal orchestrators of immunity. While so-called classical T cells (e.g. T-helper cells) that are activated by peptide fragments presented on antigen-presenting cells have received much attention in H. pylori infection, there exists a diverse array of other T cell populations that are potentially important for the outcome of the ensuing immune response, some of which have not been extensively studied in H. pylori infection. Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells that control and prevent the development of immunopathology associated with H. pylori infection have been investigated, but these cells can also benefit the bacterium in helping to prolong the chronicity of the infection by suppressing protective immune responses. An overlooked T cell population, the more recently described Th17 cells, may play a role in H. pylori-induced inflammation, due to triggering responses that ultimately lead to the recruitment of polymorphs, including neutrophils. The so-called innate or unconventional T cells, that include two conserved T cell subsets expressing invariant antigen-specific receptors, the CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells which are activated by glycolipids, and the mucosal-associated invariant T cells which play a role in defense against orally acquired pathogens in the intestinal mucosa, have only begun to receive attention. A greater knowledge of the range of T cell responses induced by H. pylori is required for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of this bacterium and its ability to perpetuate chronic infection, and could reveal new strategies for therapeutic exploitation

Low-lying Odd-parity States of the Nucleon in Lattice QCD

The world's first examination of the odd-parity nucleon spectrum at light quark masses in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD is presented. Configurations generated by the PACS-CS collaboration and made available through the ILDG are used, with the lightest pion mass at 156 MeV. A novel method for tracking the individual energy eigenstates as the quark mass changes is introduced. The success of this approach reveals the flow of the states towards the physical masses. Using the correlation matrix method, the two lowest-energy states revealed are found to be in accord with the physical spectrum of Nature.Comment: 5 page

Roper Resonance in 2+1 Flavor QCD

The low-lying even-parity states of the nucleon are explored in lattice QCD using the PACS-CS collaboration 2+1-flavor dynamical-QCD gauge-field configurations made available through the International Lattice Datagrid (ILDG). The established correlation-matrix approach is used, in which various fermion source and sink smearings are utilized to provide an effective basis of interpolating fields to span the space of low-lying energy eigenstates. Of particular interest is the nature of the first excited state of the nucleon, the $N{1/2}^{+}$ Roper resonance of $P_{11}$ pion-nucleon scattering. The Roper state of the present analysis approaches the physical mass, displaying significant chiral curvature at the lightest quark mass. These full QCD results, providing the world's first insight into the nucleon mass spectrum in the light-quark regime, are significantly different from those of quenched QCD and provide interesting insights into the dynamics of QCD.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Revised version with new results to appear in PL

Impact of stout-link smearing in lattice fermion actions

The impact of stout-link smearing in lattice fermion actions is examined through the consideration of the mass and renormalization functions of the overlap quark propagator over a variety of smeared configurations. Up to six sweeps of stout-link smearing are investigated. For heavy quark masses, the quark propagator is strongly affected by the smearing procedure. For moderate masses, the effect appears to be negligible. A small effect is seen for light quark masses, where dynamical mass generation is suppressed through the smearing procedure.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, presented at the XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LAT2009, July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing, Chin

Stout-link smearing in lattice fermion actions

The properties of the momentum space quark propagator in Landau gauge are studied for the overlap quark action in quenched lattice QCD. Numerical calculations are performed over four ensembles of gauge configurations, where three are smeared using either 1, 3, or 6 sweeps of stout-link smearing. We calculate the non-perturbative wave function renormalization function $Z(p)$ and the non-perturbative mass function $M(p)$ for a variety of bare quark masses. We find that the wave-function renormalization function is slightly sensitive to the number of stout-link smearing sweeps. For the mass function we find the effect of the stout-link smearing algorithm to be small for moderate to light bare quark masses. For a heavy bare quark mass we find a strong dependence on the number of smearing sweeps.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Non-explosive actuation for the ORBCOMM (TM) satellite

Spool-based non-explosive actuator (NEA) devices are used for three important holddown and release functions during the establishment of the ORBCOMM (TM) constellation. Non-explosive separation nuts are used to restrain and release the 26 individual satellites into low earth orbit. Cable release mechanisms based on the same technology are used to release the solar arrays and antenna boom

La estrategia del endomarketing y la cultura corporativa en la cafetería Don Gorrochano Huánuco, 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la estrategia del endomarketing y la cultura corporativa en la cafetería Don Gorrochano - Huánuco 2022.; Para ello se formuló el siguiente problema ¿De qué manera el endomarketing se relaciona con la cultura corporativa en la cafetería Don Gorrochano - Huánuco 2022? Afirmando nuestra hipótesis general ya que la correlación encontrada entre ambas variables resulta ser positiva alta. Es decir que sí existe una relación directa de 0,606 siendo positiva alta entre el endomarketing y la cultura corporativa. Por otro lado el tamaño de la muestra fue determinado por el método no probabilístico ya que la población fue de 25 colaboradores de la cafetería Don Gorrochano se trabajó en su totalidad para la muestra de estudio siendo menor a 50 individuos, realizando un análisis de confiabilidad para el estudio, recolectando datos a haciendo uso del cuestionario compuesto por 24 Ítems en escala de Likert, para procesarlos, analizarlos y estudiarlos en cuadros estadísticos y de diagramas de barras haciendo uso del software estadístico SPSS. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, descriptivo porque tiene como objetivo determinar las propiedades y características, métodos cuantitativos de diseño de correlación descriptivo no experimental. De acuerdo a las dimensiones propuestas y resultados obtenidos de la investigación se señala en la tabla N° 28 afirmando y comprobando la hipótesis general existiendo correlación positiva de 0,606 manteniendo una relación directa entre el endomarketing y la cultura corporativa de la cafetería Don Gorrochano – Huánuco 2022

Efecto de la reparación civil dictada en el auto de sobreseimiento, en el principio del debido proceso, Tumbes – 2021

Este trabajo de investigación referido a los efectos de la reparación civil dictada en el auto de sobreseimiento, en el principio del debido proceso, Tumbes – 2021; ha tenido como objetivo la determinación de la reparación civil en el caso de que los imputados sean sobreseídos por requerimiento de los fiscales penales corporativos de la Provincia de Tumbes como titular de la acción penal, director de la investigación penal y responsables de la carga de la prueba; siendo el órgano jurisdiccional, es decir los jueces de investigación preparatoria los que conceden o no la reparación civil en el caso de instituto procesal de sobreseimiento; para obtener este objetivo se ha utilizado el método analítico, deductivo e inductivo y como técnica la encuesta que permitió analizar el comportamiento de las variables y como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario; de la aplicación de estos objetivos métodos y técnicas empleadas se ha llegado a obtener como resultado ante el requerimiento que realiza los fiscales penales corporativos ante el juez de investigación preparatoria, previo los actos procesales en audiencia pública el órgano jurisdiccional debe conceder al agraviado la reparación civil, que debe entenderse la obligación que tiene una persona (imputado) de reparar un daño, por haber violado el deber jurídico de no causar daño a otro. En el sobreseimiento para imponer la reparación civil solo se tiene en cuenta la acción o hecho dañoso, el daño producido, la relación de causalidad entre la acción y el daño y los factores de atribución que son de carácter subjetivo y objetivo