55 research outputs found

    Viral hepatitis : a national problem

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    As hepatites virais constituem um complexo de doenças com pelo menos cinco agentes, quais sejam as hepatites A e B, duas formas de hepatite não-A/não-B e as infecções pelo agente delta. Grandes segmentos de nossa população são infectados por estes agentes a cada ano, com um enorme impacto nos sistemas de saúde e na própria economia nacional. Informações confiáveis sobre a incidência e a prevalência das hepatites são de difícil obtenção pela alta incidência de infecções subclínicas, a falta de um sistema de notificação adequado e a não confirmação laboratorial das infecções, pelo alto custo dos reativos para diagnóstico laboratorial, em sua grande maioria ainda importados.Viral hepatitis is a complex entity caused by at least five agents namely hepatitis viruses A and B, two forms of hepatitis non A/non B and agent delta. Large numbers of our population are infected yearly by these viruses causing an enormous impact on our health system and the national economy. Realiable information on the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis is difficult to obtain due to the high incidence of subclinical infections and the absence of an adequate system of notifications. Laboratory confirmation is frequently lacking due to the high cost of diagnostic reagents which usually have to be imported

    Onchocerciasis: new foci in Brazil?

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    O recente achado de um caso autóctone de oncocercose no Estado de Goiás - assinalando, talvez, a existência de um novo foco da doença no Brasil - veio confirmar sobre o perigo em potencial, para o resto do País

    Isolamento de Microsporum amazonicum do solo do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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    The dermatophyte Microsporum amazonicum was first isolated by Moraes, et al. (1967), from the hair of a wild rat (Oryzomys sp.) trapped near the city of Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brasil. Since that time, it has been recovered several times from other wild rodents of the Amazon region, but not from the soil. In this paper, the Authors report the isolation of M. amazonicum from the soil of a cave on the Manaus-Caracarav Highway, about 130 Kms. from Manaus. This is the first time that this dermathophyte has been obtained directly from the soil. Of 96 soil samples, colleted in the cave, 12 were found to be positive for Microsporum amazonicum. Rarely found in the soil, this fungo appears to be restricted to the Amazon region. Reasons for its limited distribution are discussed.Do solo de uma gruta, localizada no Km 130 da Estrada Manaus-Caracaraí. isolou-se o dermatófito Microsporum amazonicum, que até então havia sido encontrado apenas no pêlo de animais silvestres. Em 3 coletas feitas, com intervalos de alguns meses, durante o ano de 1974, recolheram-se 96 amostras de terra do chão da gruta, das quais 12, ou seja, 12,5% foram positivas para o fungo. São discutidas no trabalho as razões que tornam difícil o isolamento de M. amazonicum do solo, apesar de ser ele, aparentemente, um fungo ceratinofílico próprio da região amazônica

    Rhinoscleroma causing severe bilateral nasal obstruction

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    AbstractRhinoscleroma is a chronic, infectious and granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract. There is often a delay in diagnosis due to unfamiliarity with the disease and also because culture is not always positive. We report a case in a 26-year-old woman with granular mass obstructing bilateral nasal cavities and causing breathing difficulty. Histopathological examination showed characteristic Mikulicz histiocytes containing numerous Gram-negative intracellular rod-shaped bacilli consistent with the diagnosis of rhinoscleroma. The patient was treated with gemifloxacin and tetracycline and remains asymptomatic over a year follow-up period. It is important to consider rhinoscleroma in cases of chronic nasal obstruction. As culture is not always positive, histopathological examination may be crucial to the diagnosis

    Oncocercose no Brasil

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    Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Serviços de Saúde Pública. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil

    Dermatófitos no Estado do Amazonas - Brasil

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    Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.De 696 casos de micoses superficiais, encontrados em Manaus - Estado do Amazonas, durante um período de 7 anos (1961 -1968), isolaram-se 515 amostras de fungos, das quais 440 pertenciam a espécies do grupo dos dermatófitos. O fungo predominante foi Trichophyton tonsurans, responsável por 282 das 440 amostras, ou seja, 64% do total de dermatófitos Contribuiu para este percentual, bastante elevado, o fato de ser T. tonsurans quase que o único agente causador de tinha da cabeça nas crianças de Manaus: em 242 casos de tinha tonsurante apareceu ele 234 vezes, e em 30 casos de quério, 23 vezes. Nas pessoas maiores de 15 anos, todavia, o dermatófito mais encontrado foi T. mentagrophytes; apareceu ele 106 vezes, contra apenas 16 de T. tonsurans, em 145 amostras de dermatófitos isolados deste grupoFrom 696 cases of superficial mycoses diagnosed in Manaus -State of Amazonas, within a sevenyear period (1961-1968), the author obtained 515 strains of fungi, including 440 strains which belonged to the dermatophyte group. Trichophyton tonsurans was the predominant species; in fact, it is the most common dermatophyte isolated from human cases in the States of Northern Brazil, as has been shown by other investigators. In the present work, T. tonsurans was the etiological agent in 64% of the 440 cases of dermatophytoses. 111is high percentage was due mainly to the fact that T. tonsurans is almost solely responsible for tinea among the children of Manaus. Df 242 cases of ring'Norm of the scalp and of 30 cases of Kerion, T. tonsurans was isolated from 234 and 23 cases respectively. In adults, however, Thichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common agent of tinea; of 145 strains of dermatophytes isolated from adults 106 were T. mentagrophytes and 16 were T. tonsurans

    Oncocercose

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    Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil

    Onchocerciasis among Yanomámi Indians

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    Apresentam-se os dados até agora obtidos sobre o foco brasileiro de oncocercose. Esse foco, localizado no extremo norte do país, envolve principalmente indígenas do grupo Yanomámi, antigos habitantes do local. Em algumas aldeias, a infecção é encontrada em cerca de 80% dos adultos. Aspectos interessantes, como a origem do foco, as características da doença nos indígenas e os principais vetores de Onchocerca volvulus, são abordados. Por fim, é feita uma análise a respeito do comportamento da endemia e da possível disseminação da doença para outras regiões do Brasil - em áreas de garimpo. Sugerem-se medidas de controle, entre elas o uso de larvicidas, método que poderia ser adotado em lugares restritos - com população já estabilizada -, dentro da zona onde mais forte é a prevalência.The main features of the Brazilian focus of onchocerciasis are reported. This focus encompasses large areas of the states of Amazonas and Roraima, in the densely forested highlands of Northern Brazil. It is not clear how the local inhabitants, Indians of the group Yanomámi, an isolated group that has lived in the region for centuries, acquired the infection. However, in some of their villages the prevalence rate among adults is as high as 80%. Aspects of the focus, as its origins, manifestations of the illness among the Indians, and the distribution and importance of the recognized vectors of O. volvulus in the region, are reviewed. The author also makes some considerations on the behavior and probable future of the focus, including the possible dissemination of onchocerciasis to some other sites of Brazil. Gold miners that in recent years have invaded the Yanomámi territory and became infected in contact with the Indians will be the cause of this dissemination. Methods for controlling onchocerciasis are discussed and, besides the treatment of the infected Indians with Ivermectin, it is proposed the use of larvicides to eliminate the vectors. This method would be employed in some limited areas where the population is already stable and shows a very high prevalence rate

    Dermatófitos no Estado do Amazonas - Brasil

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