Perfil global de expressão de micro-RNAs no músculo esquelético de ratos com insuficiência cardíaca

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constituem uma classe de pequenos RNAs não codificadores de 17 a 25 nucleotídeos de comprimento envolvidos em uma grande variedade de processos celulares. Os microRNAs regulam a expressão gênica pós-transcricionalmente, primariamente pela associação com a região 3' e/ou 5’ não traduzida (3' UTR, 5’ UTR) de seus RNAs mensageiros alvos geralmente reprimindo e, em alguns casos, estimulando a tradução. Atualmente, embora o número de genes relacionados com o desenvolvimento de doenças musculares aumente a cada ano, as vias moleculares envolvidas permanecem pobremente compreendidas. Porém, estudos recentes demonstram a importância da regulação mediada por microRNAs em diversos processos biológicos e em algumas doenças do músculo esquelético. A Insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome clínica associada à disfunção cardíaca, diminuição da expectativa de vida e intolerância aos exercícios físicos. Essa intolerância aos exercícios físicos, bem como a redução da atividade locomotora, estão associados aos principais sintomas dos pacientes com IC: a fadiga e a fraqueza muscular. Esse fenômeno é decorrente, em parte, da mudança no metabolismo de oxidativo para glicolítico e da presença de atrofia e alterações nos tipos de fibras musculares. Nesse estudo, analisamos a expressão de 303 microRNAs no músculo sóleo da ratos Wistar macho com IC induzida por monocrotalina (60 mg/kg). O músculo sóleo dos animais com IC apresentaram uma alteração na expressão relativa de 19 microRNAs, com diminuição na expressão de 05 microRNAs ( 150%; P 150%; P<0,05) compared with controls. Similarly, HF-induced atrophy were accompanied by reduced expression of 05 microRNAs (< 50%; P<0,05). Interestingly, we outline the miRNAs miR-29, miR-214, and miR-489 that have been found to be dysregulated in diseases associated with skeletal muscle or are changed during muscle adaptation. These microRNAs are involved in important molecular pathways such as the NF-kB-YY1-miR-29 regulatory circuit, the miR-214 and Ezh2 regulatory loop, and the posttranscriptional suppression of oncogene oncogene Dek by the miRNA-48

Involvement of Renal Corpuscle microRNA Expression on Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Maternal Low Protein Diet in Adult Programmed Rats

Prior study shows that maternal protein-restricted (LP) 16-wk-old offspring have pronounced reduction of nephron number and arterial hypertension associated with unchanged glomerular filtration rate, besides enhanced glomerular area, which may be related to glomerular hyperfiltration/overflow and which accounts for the glomerular filtration barrier breakdown and early glomerulosclerosis. In the current study, LP rats showed heavy proteinuria associated with podocyte simplification and foot process effacement. TGF-beta 1 glomerular expression was significantly enhanced in LP. Isolated LP glomeruli show a reduced level of miR-200a, miR-141, miR-429 and ZEB2 mRNA and upregulated collagen 1 alpha 1/2 mRNA expression. By western blot analyzes of whole kidney tissue, we found significant reduction of both podocin and nephrin and enhanced expression of mesenchymal protein markers such as desmin, collagen type I and fibronectin. From our present knowledge, these are the first data showing renal miRNA modulation in the protein restriction model of fetal programming. The fetal-programmed adult offspring showed pronounced structural glomerular disorders with an accentuated and advanced stage of fibrosis, which led us to state that the glomerular miR-200 family would be downregulated by TGF-beta 1 action inducing ZEB 2 expression that may subsequently cause glomeruli epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Improvement in fractional shortening in aortic regurgitation rats: cardiac muscle network

Aortic regurgitation (AR), a volume overload to the heart, impairs systolic function. Paroxetine (parox) treatment, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, improves systolic function in AR rats, probably due decreases in the expression of β-myosin heavy chain (βMyHC) gene. An intricate network regulate genes co-expressing microRNAs (miR-208a,-208b and -499) and transcriptional repressors which in turn controls MyHCisoforms content. Thus, we verify the gene expression of those microRNAs and the transcriptional repressor (Thrap1) in AR rats treated with parox. Male Wistar rats (280-300kg) were submitted to sham or AR surgery. Morphofunctional variables of the hearts were analyzed by echocardiograms. Parox (10mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously for 4 weeks. There were 4 groups: AR+parox, AR+saline, Sham+parox and Sham+saline. At week 8 the animals were euthanized for tissue collection and analysis of gene expression by RTq-PCR. Two way repeated measures ANOVA were used for comparisons. Parox treatment preserved the fractional shortening in AR rats. The expression of miR-208a and Thrap 1 were not changed. Though there was a decrease in miR-208b and miR-499 gene expression, which may regulate the decrease of β-MyHC isoform in AR rats treated with parox, explaining the improvement in systolic function.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Defining suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis on human sertoli cells after 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) has proven to be a valuable molecular technique to quantify gene expression. There are few studies in the literature that describe suitable reference genes to normalize gene expression data. Studies of transcriptionally disruptive toxins, like tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), require careful consideration of reference genes. The present study was designed to validate potential reference genes in human Sertoli cells after exposure to TCDD. 32 candidate reference genes were analyzed to determine their applicability. geNorm and NormFinder softwares were used to obtain an estimation of the expression stability of the 32 genes and to identify the most suitable genes for qPCR data normalization.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

MicroRNA-mRNA Co-sequencing Identifies Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulatory Networks Underlying Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia

Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome with alterations in gene regulatory networks that consequently lead to skeletal muscle wasting. Integrating microRNAs mRNAs omics profiles offers an opportunity to understand transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks underlying muscle wasting. Here, we used RNA sequencing to simultaneously integrate and explore microRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of the Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) model of cancer cachexia. We found 1,008 mRNAs and 18 microRNAs differentially expressed in cachectic mice compared with controls. Although our transcriptomic analysis demonstrated a high heterogeneity in mRNA profiles of cachectic mice, we identified a reduced number of differentially expressed genes that were uniformly regulated within cachectic muscles. This set of uniformly regulated genes is associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM), proteolysis, and inflammatory response. We also used transcriptomic data to perform enrichment analysis of transcriptional factor binding sites in promoter sequences, which revealed activation of the atrophy-related transcription factors NF-κB, Stat3, AP-1, and FoxO. Furthermore, the integration of mRNA and microRNA expression profiles identified post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs of genes involved in ECM organization, cell migration, transcription factors binding, ion transport, and the FoxO signaling pathway. Our integrative analysis of microRNA-mRNA co-profiles comprehensively characterized regulatory relationships of molecular pathways and revealed microRNAs targeting ECM-associated genes in cancer cachexia

Ultrastructural analysis and residual DNA evaluation of rabbit vein scaffold

<div><p>Abstract Purpose: To investigate the ultrastructural characteristics and analysis of residual DNA in scaffold models, produced with decellularized vena cava in an experimental model with rabbits. Methods: Three groups were created for ultrastructural and residual DNA analysis: group 1 - control, consisting of samples of vena cava in natura; group 2 - SD, consisting of vein fragments submitted to 2% sodium deoxycholate decellularization by shaking (160rpm - Shaker News Brunswick Scientific®) for 1 hour at controlled temperature shaker at 37°C; group 3 - SDS, consisting of vein fragments submitted to 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate decellularization under the same previous condition, for 2 hours. Results: The ultrastructural matrix of the blood vessel maintained its vintegrity after either decellularization models. The results of the two quantification methods demonstrated a significant decrease in the DNA content of the decellularized vena cava samples as compared to the control samples and, differed statistically from each other, p <0.05. Conclusion: The 2% DS protocol for vein decellularization, in this experimental model, was considered the best protocol because it presented less amount of residual DNA without causing substantial destruction of the extracellular matrix.</p></div

Decreased miR-497-5p Suppresses IL-6 Induced Atrophy in Muscle Cells

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. The control of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) in muscle wasting involves the regulation of thousands of target transcripts. However, the miRNA-target networks associated with IL6-induced muscle atrophy remain to be characterized. Here, we show that IL-6 promotes the atrophy of C2C12 myotubes and changes the expression of 20 miRNAs (5 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated). Gene Ontology analysis of predicted miRNAs targets revealed post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and catabolic processes. Next, we performed a meta-analysis of miRNA-published data that identified miR-497-5p, a down-regulated miRNAs induced by IL-6, also down-regulated in other muscle-wasting conditions. We used miR-497-5p mimics and inhibitors to explore the function of miR-497-5p in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. We found that miR-497-5p can regulate the expression of the cell cycle genes CcnD2 and CcnE1 without affecting the rate of myoblast cellular proliferation. Notably, miR-497-5p mimics induced myotube atrophy and reduced Insr expression. Treatment with miR-497-5p inhibitors did not change the diameter of the myotubes but increased the expression of its target genes Insr and Igf1r. These genes are known to regulate skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy via insulin-like growth factor pathway and were up-regulated in cachectic muscle samples. Our miRNA-regulated network analysis revealed a potential role for miR-497-5p during IL6-induced muscle cell atrophy and suggests that miR-497-5p is likely involved in a compensatory mechanism of muscle atrophy in response to IL-6

Relative expression of miR-499 and the <i>sox6</i> mRNA between fast- and slow-twitch muscles in 150-day-old and 2-year-old pacus.

<p>miR-499 and <i>sox6</i> mRNA expression was assessed by qPCR in skeletal muscle from 150-day-old juvenile (150 d) and 2-year-old adult (2 y) pacus. The skeletal muscle was analyzed only in the 150-day-old and 2-year-old pacus given the difficulty in isolating the slow-twitch muscle in younger animals (30- and 90-day-old pacus). The data are expressed as the fold change compared with the expression level in the fast-twitch muscle. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). The different letters indicate significant differences in expression (p<0.05).</p