Seven years of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

Fluoridation of the public water supplies is recognized as among the top ten public health achievements of the twentieth century. However, the positive aspects of this measure depend on the maintenance of fluoride concentrations within adequate levels. To report the results of seven years of external control of the fluoride (F) concentrations in the public water supply in Bauru, SP, Brazil in an attempt to verify, on the basis of risk/benefit balance, whether the levels are appropriate. From March 2004 to February 2011, 60 samples were collected every month from the 19 supply sectors of the city, totaling 4,641 samples. F concentrations in water samples were determined in duplicate, using an ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer after buffering with TISAB II. After the analysis, the samples were classified according to the best risk-benefit adjustment. Means (±standard deviation) of F concentrations ranged between 0.73±0.06 and 0.81±0.10 mg/L for the different sectors during the seven years. The individual values ranged between 0.03 and 2.63 mg/L. The percentages of the samples considered “low risk” for dental fluorosis development and of “maximum benefit” for dental caries prevention (0.55-0.84 mg F/L) in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh years of the study were 82.0, 58.5, 37.4, 61.0, 89.9, 77.3, and 72.4%, respectively, and 69.0% for the entire period. Fluctuations of F levels were found in the public water supply in Bauru during the seven years of evaluation. These results suggest that external monitoring of water fluoridation by an independent assessor should be implemented in cities where there is adjusted fluoridation. This measure should be continued in order to verify that fluoride levels are suitable and, if not, to provide support for the appropriate adjustmentsCNPq 403427/2004-5CNPq 403427/2004

Seven years of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

Fluoridation of the public water supplies is recognized as among the top ten public health achievements of the twentieth century. However, the positive aspects of this measure depend on the maintenance of fluoride concentrations within adequate levels. Objective To report the results of seven years of external control of the fluoride (F) concentrations in the public water supply in Bauru, SP, Brazil in an attempt to verify, on the basis of risk/benefit balance, whether the levels are appropriate. Material and Methods From March 2004 to February 2011, 60 samples were collected every month from the 19 supply sectors of the city, totaling 4,641 samples. F concentrations in water samples were determined in duplicate, using an ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer after buffering with TISAB II. After the analysis, the samples were classified according to the best risk-benefit adjustment. Results Means (±standard deviation) of F concentrations ranged between 0.73±0.06 and 0.81±0.10 mg/L for the different sectors during the seven years. The individual values ranged between 0.03 and 2.63 mg/L. The percentages of the samples considered “low risk” for dental fluorosis development and of “maximum benefit” for dental caries prevention (0.55-0.84 mg F/L) in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh years of the study were 82.0, 58.5, 37.4, 61.0, 89.9, 77.3, and 72.4%, respectively, and 69.0% for the entire period. Conclusions Fluctuations of F levels were found in the public water supply in Bauru during the seven years of evaluation. These results suggest that external monitoring of water fluoridation by an independent assessor should be implemented in cities where there is adjusted fluoridation. This measure should be continued in order to verify that fluoride levels are suitable and, if not, to provide support for the appropriate adjustments

A dosagem de biomarcadores no diagnóstico e prognóstico de sepse neonatal: uma revisão de literatura

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis (NS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns despite advances. Possessing a complex pathophysiology, NS presents different clinical forms and eventually scarce guiding symptoms or signs; which makes diagnosis, severity analysis and timely therapy difficult. Objective: To analyze the use of biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of SN. Method: Literature review with search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo and VHL databases, conducted between February and March 2021, with analysis of 21 articles published from January 2010 to December 2020. Results and Discussion: The biomarkers used in SN analysis, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukins (IL-6, IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cell surface markers, are important for faster diagnosis and assistance, enabling better prognosis for neonatal cases. Conclusion: The study of biomarkers with the knowledge about the modification of their serum levels during disease progression can facilitate the analysis and predict the severity of SN, besides guiding the establishment of an early protocol, increasing the proportion of patients who receive an effective treatment and obtain better prognoses.Introdução: A sepse neonatal (SN) é importante causa de morbimortalidade em recém-nascidos apesar dos avanços. Possuindo uma fisiopatologia complexa, a SN apresenta diferentes formas clínicas e, eventualmente, sintomas ou sinais norteadores escassos; o que dificulta o diagnóstico, a análise da gravidade e a terapêutica oportuna. Objetivo: Analisar o uso de biomarcadores para o diagnóstico precoce e avaliação prognóstica da SN. Método: Revisão bibliográfica com busca nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo e BVS, realizada entre fevereiro e março de 2021, com análise de 21 artigos publicados de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020. Resultados e Discussão: Os biomarcadores usados na análise da SN, como a proteína C reativa (PCR), procalcitonina (PCT), interleucinas (IL-6, IL-8), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e marcadores de superfície celular, são importantes no diagnóstico e assistência mais céleres, viabilizando um melhor prognóstico para os casos neonatais. Conclusão: O estudo dos biomarcadores com o conhecimento acerca da modificação de seus níveis séricos durante a progressão da doença pode facilitar a análise e predizer a gravidade da SN, além de orientar a instauração de um protocolo precoce, aumentando a proporção de pacientes que recebem um tratamento eficaz e obtêm melhores prognósticos

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=