Combined effect of strontium content and electrode type on electrical properties of BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin-films

Ferroelectric thin films have been on agenda of many research groups and the semiconductor industry for applications ranging from non‐volatile data storage to tunable capacitors and antennas. In much of these works, the fact that ferroelectrics can be sensitive to the electrical boundary conditions, namely the type of the electrodes employed, is often taken for granted without an in‐depth analysis. In this thesis work, we focus on BaxSr1‐xTiO3 compositions, a well‐known system, grown via a sol‐gel method on conducting Nb:SrTiO3 bottom electrodes to explore the effect of the Sr content and the top/bottom electrode asymmetry on the electrical characteristics of these systems. Following structural and morhphological characterization for quality check of the films, we extensively focus on a process called “resistive switching”, which we repeatedly observed in our samples. Resistive switching phenomena is a topic of interest as the direction of the ferroelectric polarization determines whether there will be carrier depletion or accumulation in the semiconducting electrode (the conducting oxide bottom electrode in this thesis), upon which various novel device and transistor designs have been recently proposed by a number of groups. In this work, we focus on the experimental evidence for resistive switching in the light of thermodynamic theory of these systems and discuss the effect of Sr content on current‐voltage characteristics of our samples

Comparison the efficacy of pre-emptive oral celecoxib with acetaminophen in controlling post-operative pain and nausea after lower limb surgery under general anesthesia

IntroductionUp to now, there is no single opinion on how to control pain after surgeryand molecular and clinical research in this area has been continuing. This study aimed to compare the effect of premedication with oral administration of celecoxib and acetaminophen on postoperative pain relief in the lower extremity surgery under general anesthesia.                                                         Materials and methods:In a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial study, 70 patients undergoing lower limb surgery under general anesthesia were distributed into two equal groups. In the first and second group, oral acetaminophen 1000 mg orcelecoxib 400 mg capsules were prescribed one hour before the operation, respectively. Postoperative painand nausea severity in both groups were evaluatedby VAS score and compared with each other. ResultsAssessment of pain intensity at 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery revealed that acetaminophen group at the first hour had more intensity of  postoperative pain (5.46±1.17) compared with celecoxib group(4.31±1.32)(P <0.001). In the rest of the time, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Analysis of variance with repeated observations showed, the trend of postoperative pain intensity during the study in both groups had a significant difference (p = 0.013). The intensity of nausea in the first hour after surgery was significantly more in acetaminophen group compared with celecoxib group (2.8±1.1 vs. 2.2±1.3, p<0.034). Conclusions:Celecoxib may be a better choice in reducing pain and nausea after surgery compared with acetaminophen. Considering no significant adverse effects in many studies, celecoxib may be used as a pre-emptive medication to reduce pain after lower extremity surgery.Key words: Premedication, Post-operative, PONV, pain, Celecoxib, Acetaminophe

Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Soluble Sugar Content of Soybean under Salt Stress

The influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae, on characteristics of growth, membrane lipid peroxidation and soluble sugar content in the shoots and roots of soybean (Glycine max) plants was studied in pot culture under salt stress. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications in greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Iran. The plants inoculated with mycorrhiza had significantly greater shoot and root biomass than the nonmycorrhizal plants at all salinity levels. AM symbiosis decreased membrane relative permeability and malondialdehyde content in shoots and roots. The soluble sugar content in roots was higher in mycorrhizal than nonmycorrhizal plants, but there was no significant difference in soluble sugar content in shoots between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. The results indicate that the AM fungus is capable of alleviating the damage caused by salt stress on soybean plants by reducing membrane lipid peroxidation and increasing the accumulation of soluble sugar content. Consequently, arbuscular mycorrhiza formation highly enhanced the salinity tolerance of soybean plant, which increased host biomass and promoted plant growth

THE PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION ON DEPRESSION IN ADDICTS

Behavioral activation is the third wave of behavior treatment adopted to cure depression. It is a type of functional-analytical therapies based on psychological scheme regarding "behavior shift" suggested by Skinner[1]. This scheme is generally assumed as analysis of behavior. This field accounts for a more general scope called analysis of clinical behavior. It also illuminates the most efficient methods of professionally applying analysis of behavior.[1] Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990).  Article visualizations

ФОРМУВАННЯ ДИЗАЙНУ ІНТЕР’ЄРУ ЖИТЛОВИХ ПРИМІЩЕНЬ З ЕНЕРГОЗБЕРІГАЮЧИМИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЯМИ

Purpose of the article is to consider the complex housing formation. Identifying the main trends in residential energy-saving construction is necessary. The methodology of the study is to apply the method of complex functional and structural analysis, which includes in- depth surveys, analysis of literary and Internet sources, comparative and statistical analysis of previous studies and proportional systems, sophisticated analysis of factors of influence, graph-analytical analysis of output data. The scientific novelty of the work is to broaden ideas about the role and impact of energy-saving technologies on the formation of a modern living environment. Conclusions. The article deals with the issues of interior design of residential premises with energy-saving technologies. A promising model of housing interior design, equipped with specialized technical equipment, has been formed. The paper analyzes possible prospective ways of housing architecture development with energy-savingtechnologies.Цель работы. Рассмотреть вопрос комплексного формирования жилья. Необходимо выявить основные тенденции в жилом энергосберегающем строительстве. Методология исследования заключается в применении метода комплексного функционально-структурного анализа, который включает натурные обследования, анализ литературных и Интернет источников, сравнительный и статистический анализ предыдущих исследований и пропорциональных систем, комплексный анализ факторов влияния, графоаналитический анализ исходных дан-ных. Научная новизна работы заключается в расширении представлений о роли и влиянии энергосберегающих технологий на формирование современной жилой среды. Выводы. В статье рассмотрены вопросы формирова-ния дизайна интерьера жилых помещений с энергосберегающими технологиями. Сформирована перспективная модель формирования интерьера жилья, оснащенного специализированным техническим оборудованием. В ра-боте подробно проанализированы возможные перспективные пути развития архитектуры жилья с энергосбере-гающими технологиями.Мета - розглянути питання комплексного формування житла. Необхідно виявити основні тенденції в жи-тловому енергозберігаючому будівництві. Методологія дослідження полягає в застосуванні методу комплексного функціонально-структурного аналізу, який включає натурні обстеження, аналіз літературних та Інтернет джерел, порівняльний та статистичний аналіз попередніх досліджень та пропорційних систем, комплексний аналіз факто-рів впливу, графоаналітичний аналіз вихідних даних. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в розширенні уявлень про роль та вплив енергозберігаючих технологій на формування сучасного житлового середовища. Висновки. В статті розглянуто питання формування дизайну інтер’єру житлових приміщень з енергозберігаючими технологія-ми. Сформовано перспективну модель формування інтер’єру житла, оснащеного спеціалізованим технічним об-ладнанням. В роботі детально проаналізовано можливі перспективні шляхи розвитку архітектури житла з енерго-зберігаючими технологіями

The Effect of Premedication by Remifentanil and Magnesium Sulfate in Hemodynamic Responses to Tracheal Intubation in Cesarean Section Delivery: 1 A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Study

Background: The preventing effects of remifentanil and magnesium sulfate on hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation were evaluated in a double-blinded controlled trial on pregnant women undergoing cesarean section delivery.Methods: A total of 54 American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I-II women candidate for cesarean section delivery were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 18) to receive one of the following premedication: Intravenous (IV) remifentanil 0.75 µg/kg, IV magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg, or IV normal saline 10 cc as placebo. All hemodynamic profiles were recorded immediately before and after intubation, and 2, 3, 5 minutes after tracheal intubation.Results: Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the remifentanil group than in other groups both before and immediately after intubation. The trend of the changes in homodynamic responses within 5 minutes following intubation in the magnesium sulfate and placebo group was similar, but this trend in the remifentanil group was significant difference. In the same time, 1st and 5th minute Apgar scores were slightly lower in the remifentanil group than others. The measured parameters of umbilical cord blood pH and PO had no significant differences between the groups.Conclusions: Remifentanil can attenuate hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation more effectively than magnesium sulfate, and thus it can be considered safe for a pregnant candidate for cesarean section