DISCONTINUIDAD DE PROGRAMAS SEIS SIGMA: UN ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE CASOS

This article presents a study of factors that influence discontinuance of Six Sigma quality programs and how the programs operate in an organizational context. This research  is based on a multi-case study conducted in a company of the electronics manufacturing sector and another in the service sector of call centers. Intra-case and inter-case analyses were performed on data from interviews. Eleven factors were identified that, in varying degrees influenced discontinuance of the Six Sigma program. Among these, four were more relevant: 1) lack of alignment of the Six Sigma program with the company's strategic objectives, 2) results and quality of projects and program did not meet expectations of senior management, 3) weak involvement of leaders with the program and, 4) inappropriate timing for the company's adoption of Six Sigma. Conclusions of the  research were that results of Six Sigma projects are more influenced by management and leadership (soft factors) than by technical, methodological or infrastructural factors (hard factors). This article also proposes a conceptual model that seeks to explain how these factoEste artigo apresenta um estudo sobre os fatores que influenciam a descontinuidade de programas de qualidade Seis Sigma e como estes agem no contexto organizacional. A pesquisa está baseada em um estudo multicaso realizado em uma empresa do setor de manufatura de aparelhos eletrônicos e em outra do setor de serviços de call center. Foram realizadas análises intracaso e intercaso a partir dos dados provenientes de entrevistas; como resultado, foram identificados onze  fatores que interferem, em diferentes graus, na descontinuidade do programa Seis Sigma. Dentre eles, quatro tiveram maior relevância: 1) falta de alinhamento do programa Seis Sigma com os objetivos estratégicos da companhia; 2) resultados e qualidade dos projetos e do programa abaixo da expectativa da alta administração; 3) fraco envolvimento dos líderes da empresa com o programa; 4) momento da empresa inadequado para a adoção do Seis Sigma. Conclui-se, da pesquisa, que os resultados dos projetos Seis Sigma são mais influenciados pelos fatores ligados à gestão e à liderança (soft factors) do que pelos fatores técnicos, metodológicos ou de infraestrutura (hard factors). Este artigo também apresenta uma proposta de modelo conceitual que procura explicar como esses fatores agem e se inter-relacionam, até provocarem a  completa descontinuidade do  programa Seis Sigma na organização.Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre los factores que influencian la discontinuidad de programas de calidad Seis Sigma y como estos actúan en el contexto organizativo. Esta investigación está basada en un estudio multicaso realizado en una empresa del sector de manufactura de electrónicos y en otra del sector de servicios de  call center. Fueron realizados análisis  intracaso e  intercaso a partir de los datos provenientes de entrevistas y, como resultado, fueron identificados once factores que interfieren en diferentes grados en la discontinuidad del programa Seis Sigma. Entre ellos, cuatro tuvieron mayor relevancia: 1) falta de alineamiento del programa Seis Sigma con los objetivos estratégicos de la compañía; 2) resultados y calidad de los proyectos y del programa abajo de la expectativa de la alta administración; 3) poco envolvimiento de los líderes de la empresa con el programa;  4) momento de la empresa inadecuado para la adopción del Seis Sigma. Se concluye, de la investigación, que los resultados de los proyectos Seis Sigma son más influenciados por los factores relacionados a la gestión y al liderazgo (soft factors) de que por los factores técnicos, metodológicos o de infraestructura (hard factors). Este artículo también presenta una propuesta de un modelo conceptual que busca explicar como esos factores actúan y se interrelacionan hasta provocar la completa discontinuidad del programa Seis Sigma en la organización

Estratégia de internacionalização e canais de distribuição no mercado externo: análise do processo da empresa Natura

This paper describes the internationalization process of the Brazilian company Natura Cosméticos S.A., whose competitive differential is the development of products based on the biodiversity of Brazilian flora. We specifically focus on the company’s different choices of distribution channels in foreign markets. The study is exploratory, relying on content analysis of secondary data. The results indicate that the company’s internationalization process has followed the model of the Uppsala school (learning) and that the company has maintained the same distribution strategy (direct sales) in markets with similar cultures (Latin America), but for the European market (Paris) it preferred to establish a physical store because of the cultural differences of that market. The change of the distribution channel model in the European market led the company to develop new organizational competencies.O propósito deste trabalho é descrever o processo de internacionalização da companhia brasileira NATURA Cosméticos S.A., cujo diferencial competitivo é o desenvolvimento de produtos baseados na biodiversidade da flora brasileira, analisando suas diferentes escolhas de canais de distribuição para operar no mercado exterior. O método foi a pesquisa exploratória, usando dados secundários e posterior análise de conteúdo. Os resultados identificaram evidências de que o processo previamente mencionado segue o modelo da Escola de UPPSALA (aprendizagem) e de que a companhia manteve a mesma estratégia de distribuição (venda direta) em mercados com culturas similares (América Latina) mas, para o mercado europeu (Paris) preferiu ter um ponto físico de venda (loja própria), em razão de diferenças culturais nesse mercado. A alteração do canal de distribuição no mercado europeu levou a empresa a adquirir novas competências organizacionais

Programa seis sigma em pequenas e médias empresas: revisão e recomendações.

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Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">PROGRAMA SEIS SIGMA EM PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">: </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">REVISÃO E RECOMENDAÇÕES</span></strong> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; color: gray;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">RESUMO</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer um levantamento do estado da arte a respeito do estudo de programas Seis Sigma em pequenas e médias empresas (PME) e sugerir alguns caminhos de pesquisa úteis para a expansão da fronteira de conhecimento sobre o tema. Os métodos empregados são baseados na revisão sistemática e organizada da literatura com o auxílio de diferentes classificações, tabelas e gráficos desenvolvidos especificamente para este estudo. Os resultados apontam a carência de estudos em geral sobre os programas Seis Sigma em contexto de PME, principalmente no que se refere a esses programas como estratégia competitiva nas PME, comparação do uso desses programas em PME e grandes empresas, estudos empíricos sobre seus fatores de sucesso em PME, modelos de implantação dos programas em PME e apreciação conceitual das implicações e potenciais do Seis Sigma em contexto de PME considerando-se as particularidades dessas organizações. Nas conclusões, sugere-se a realização de pesquisas sobre esses temas assim como de estudos que considerem a realidade do Seis Sigma em PME brasileiras.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">Palavras-Chave</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">Programas seis sigma; pequenas e médias empresas (PME); estado da arte; revisão de literatura.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-s

Internationalization strategy and foreign distribution channels: analysis of the brazilian cosmetics company Natura

This paper describes the internationalization process of the Brazilian company Natura Cosméticos S.A., whose competitive differential is the development of products based on the biodiversity of Brazilian flora. We specifically focus on the company's different choices of distribution channels in foreign markets. The study is exploratory, relying on content analysis of secondary data. The results indicate that the company's internationalization process has followed the model of the Uppsala school (learning) and that the company has maintained the same distribution strategy (direct sales) in markets with similar cultures (Latin America), but for the European market (Paris) it preferred to establish a physical store because of the cultural differences of that market. The change of the distribution channel model in the European market led the company to develop new organizational competencies

SNP-based mixed model association of growth- and yield-related traits in popcorn.

The identification of the genes responsible for complex traits is highly promising to accelerate crop breeding, but such information is still limited for popcorn. Thus, in the present study, a mixed linear model-based association analysis (MLMA) was applied for six important popcorn traits: plant and ear height, 100-grain weight, popping expansion, grain yield and expanded popcorn volume per hectare. To this end, 196 plants of the open-pollinated popcorn population UENF-14 were sampled, selfed (S1), and then genotyped with a panel of 10,507 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers distributed throughout the genome. The six traits were studied under two environments [Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ (ENV1) and Itaocara-RJ (ENV2)] in an incomplete block design. Based on the phenotypic data of the S1 progenies and on the genetic characteristics of the parents, the MLMA was performed. Thereafter, genes annotated in the MaizeGDB platform were screened for potential linkage disequilibrium with the SNPs associated to the six evaluated traits. Overall, seven and eight genes were identified as associated with the traits in ENV1 and ENV2, respectively, and proteins encoded by these genes were evaluated for their function. The results obtained here contribute to increase knowledge on the genetic architecture of the six evaluated traits and might be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data