抗うつ薬レボキセチンの有効性評価：連続変数（HAM-Dスコア）と2値変数（有効率）に基づくメタアナリシス

博士（医学）神戸大

Lifestyle Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Use of Different Glucose-Lowering Drugs: Cross-Sectional Study

<div><p>Aims</p><p>To examine the lifestyle profile among persons with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and among users of different glucose-lowering drugs.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We used questionnaire data from a Danish health survey and identified presence of Type 2 DM and use of medications through medical databases. We calculated age- and gender-standardized prevalence ratios (PRs) of lifestyle factors according to Type 2 DM and different glucose-lowering drugs.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of 21,637 survey participants aged 25–79 years, 680 (3%) had Type 2 DM (median age 63 years) with a median diabetes duration of 5 years. Participants with Type 2 DM had a substantially higher prevalence of obesity (36% vs. 13%, PR: 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8–3.6), yet more reported to eat a very healthy diet (25% vs. 21%, PR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.4) and to exercise regularly (67% vs. 53%, PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2–1.4). Also, fewer were current smokers or had high alcohol intake. When compared with metformin users, obesity was substantially less prevalent in users of sulfonylurea (PR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4–0-8), and insulin and analogues (PR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7). Tobacco smoking was more prevalent in sulfonylurea users (PR: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9–2.1) compared with metformin users. We found no material differences in physical exercise, diet or alcohol intake according to type of glucose-lowering drug.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Type 2 DM patients are substantially more obese than other individuals, but otherwise report to have a healthier lifestyle. Metformin use is strongly associated with obesity, whereas sulfonylurea use tends to be associated with tobacco smoking.</p></div

Selection of participants for the survey.

<p>Selection of participants for the survey.</p

Age- and gender-standardized prevalence differences (PDs) of lifestyle factors according to glucose-lowering drugs.

<p>BMI =  body mass index, CI =  confidence interval.</p>δ<p>Combination: Patients using more than one type of glucose-lowering drug or using combination tablets.</p><p>*Diet: very healthy (high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and low amount of saturated fat), reasonably healthy (moderately high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and saturated fat) or unhealthy (low amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and high amount of saturated fat).</p>†<p>Alcohol intake: High (above the recommended limit of ≤14/≤21 weekly drinks for women/men) or low (within the recommended limit).</p>‡<p>Regular exercise: participation in leisure sports or other regular physical activity (yes/no).</p><p>Age- and gender-standardized prevalence differences (PDs) of lifestyle factors according to glucose-lowering drugs.</p

Age- and gender-standardized prevalence ratios (PRs) of lifestyle factors according to glucose-lowering drugs.

<p>BMI =  body mass index, CI =  confidence interval, Ref =  reference.</p>δ<p>Combination: Patients using more than one type of glucose-lowering drug or using combination tablets.</p><p>*Diet: very healthy (high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and low amount of saturated fat), reasonably healthy (moderately high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and saturated fat) or unhealthy (low amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and high amount of saturated fat).</p>†<p>Alcohol intake: High (above the recommended limit of ≤14/≤21 weekly drinks for women/men) or low (within the recommended limit).</p>‡<p>Regular exercise: participation in leisure sports or other regular physical activity (yes/no).</p><p>Age- and gender-standardized prevalence ratios (PRs) of lifestyle factors according to glucose-lowering drugs.</p

Distribution of lifestyle factors according to glucose-lowering drug use among 680 individuals with type 2 diabetes participating in the Danish “How are you?” public health survey in 2006.

<p>BMI =  body mass index.</p><p>Note: out of total 680 Type 2 DM patients, 4 patients used other glucose lowering drugs and were excluded due to very less number.</p>δ<p>Combination: Patients using more than one type of glucose-lowering drug or using combination tablets.</p><p>*Diet: very healthy (high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and low amount of saturated fat), reasonably healthy (moderately high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and saturated fat) or unhealthy (low amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and high amount of saturated fat).</p>†<p>Alcohol intake: High (above the recommended limit of ≤14/≤21 weekly drinks for women/men) or low (within the recommended limit).</p>‡<p>Regular exercise: participation in leisure sports or other regular physical activity (yes/no).</p><p>Distribution of lifestyle factors according to glucose-lowering drug use among 680 individuals with type 2 diabetes participating in the Danish “How are you?” public health survey in 2006.</p

Age-and gender-standardized prevalence differences (PDs) and prevalence ratios (PRs) of lifestyle factors among newly diagnosed^# type 2 diabetes patients.

<p>T2DM =  type 2 diabetes mellitus, BMI =  body mass index, CI =  confidence interval.</p><p>#Newly diagnosed were all the patients diagnosed within 3 years of the survey date.</p><p>*Diet: very healthy (high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and low amount of saturated fat), reasonably healthy (moderately high amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and saturated fat) or unhealthy (low amount of fruit, vegetables, fish and high amount of saturated fat).</p>†<p>Alcohol intake: High (above the recommended limit of ≤14/≤21 weekly drinks for women/men) or low (within the recommended limit).</p>‡<p>Regular exercise: participation in leisure sports or other regular physical activity (yes/no).</p><p>Age-and gender-standardized prevalence differences (PDs) and prevalence ratios (PRs) of lifestyle factors among newly diagnosed^# type 2 diabetes patients.</p