Nutritional composition of liver (Digestive gland) from thondi squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

1398-1403The present study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional composition such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and ash of Sepioteuthis lessoniana liver. The liver was collected from the fish landing centre and the proximate composition total protein, carbohydrate and lipid content were found to be 31.16 ± 0.28%, 3.9 ± 0.05% and 21.06 ± 0.11%, respectively. The moisture and ash content of the S. lessoniana liver were recorded as 52.1 ± 0.17 % and 8.03 ± 0.05 %, respectively. The heavy metal content was estimated by acid digestion method and was found to be as follows: Cd-0.020 ppm, Cu-2.723 ppm, Mn-1.121 ppm, Ni-0.109 ppm, Pb-0.190 ppm, and Zn - 0.522 ppm. The present study concluded that the S. lessoniana liver (non-edible part) is suitable for human consumption, and is good for aquaculture and poultry feed formulations

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Solanum Nigrum and Eclipta prostrata for Effective Removal of Fluoride

The present study reports the novel approach to remove the excess fluoride in water using nano sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles extracted from the plant leaf Solanum nigrum and Eclipta prostrate. The thermal behavior of the fabricated ZnO particles were characterized by XRD, the porosity and microstructure were studied by the SEM. The measurement of FTIR was carried out to find the probable biomolecules in both plant leaves. These leaves contain high amount of proteins, amino acids and rich in polyphenols. Batch experiments was carried out to study the removal of Fluoride under several factors like the effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and various time interval. It is revealed at optimum dosage of Eclipta and Solanum is 0.8g/100ml and the capacity of adsorption was creating to be 1.984 mg/g and 1.943 mg/g and its efficiency is 98% and 55% respectively. Thus, the optimum dosage of the adsorbents can be used to lowering the fluoride concentration. The synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles in this work are highly capable material for removal of Fluoride ion. Thus, it is proven that the leaf of Solanum nigrum and Eclipta prostrata produce higher efficiency in reduction of Fluoride

Extraction, structural and physical characterization of type I collagen from the outer skin of Sepiella inermis (Orbigny, 1848)

The acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were extracted from the outer skin of Sepiella inermis and further characterized partially. The yield of ASC was low (0.58% on dry weight basis); whereas the yield of PSC was comparatively more (16.23% on dry weight basis). The protein content in ASC and PSC was calculated as 20.24 and 69.56%, respectively (on dry weight basis). The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel profile showed two bands for ASC and PSC with corresponding molecular weight of 86 and 67 kDa and 86, 63 and 58 kDa respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that ASC withstand up to 75.93°C whereas the PSC withstand up to 75.05°C. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum of both ASC and PSC recorded 11 and 13 peaks, respectively. The fine structure of both ASC and PSC was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Key words: Sepiella inermis, acid soluble collagen (ASC), pepsin soluble collagen (PSC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Solanum Nigrum and Eclipta prostrata for Effective Removal of Fluoride

642-648The present study reports the novel approach to remove the excess fluoride in water using nano sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles extracted from the plant leaf Solanum nigrum and Eclipta prostrate. The thermal behavior of the fabricated ZnO particles were characterized by XRD, the porosity and microstructure were studied by the SEM. The measurement of FTIR was carried out to find the probable biomolecules in both plant leaves. These leaves contain high amount of proteins, amino acids and rich in polyphenols. The batch experiment was carried out to study the removal of Fluoride under several factors like the effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and various time intervals. It is revealed at optimum dosage of Eclipta and Solanum is 0.8g/100ml and the capacity of adsorption was creating to be 1.984mg/g and 1.943 mg/g and its efficiency is 98% and 55% respectively. Thus, the optimum dosage of the adsorbents can be used to lowering the fluoride concentration. The synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles in this work are highly capable material for removal of Fluoride ion. Thus, it is proven that the leaf of Solanum nigrum and Eclipta prostrata produce higher efficiency in reduction of Fluoride

Anticancer Activity of Rhizophora mucronata Leaves Extract on Sprague–Dawley Rats: In Vivo Model

Medicinal plants are now used to treat cancer due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Apart from the plants, mangroves also possess rich bioactive compounds with high medicinal activity. Based on the ethnobotanical attributes of Rhizophora mucronata, we are keen to work with its anticancer activity. The aim of the study is to assess the anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves against breast cancer. Its safety profile for anticancer investigations was therefore confirmed through an acute toxicity assessment. In accordance with OECD guiding principles, the study was approved to evaluate the toxicity, including acute and subacute effects and anticancer activities of methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves on Sprague–Dawley rats. In acute toxicity trials, the dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight was determined to be safe and nontoxic even at high dose levels and did not result in any indicators of toxicity or death in the tested groups compared to controls for 14 days. In contrast, rats in a subacute toxicity study were given consistent doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg for a total of 28 days along with a control group. Haematological, biochemical, and histological tests conducted in advance revealed that methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves (MERML) at repeated doses of 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg was normal and had no significant effects on the treated groups. Rhizophora mucronata extract (250 mg/kg) was successfully used in in vivo trials to stop the growth of breast cancer cells in groups that had been given DMBA. Based on these findings, it has been concluded that methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves (MERML) was safe at both higher and lower dosages and could be assessed for pharmacological study