San Francisco Bay: Preparing for the next level

This report provides new insights on the impacts climate change poses on San Francisco Bay, the opportunities this challenge brings and some potential guidelines on how to move forward, as the Bay Area continues to position itself in leading the way nationally and internationally on climate change adaptation. This report is also a landmark in the cooperation between the Netherlands and California on climate change adaptation. A team of professionals from both sides of the ocean has worked on this projec

'Uitbreiding EU leidt tot hoger water in Nederland'

Nederland zou bedrijven kunnen gaan betrekken bij het vinden van oplossingen voor wateroverlast. India heeft misschien wat aan de manier waarop Europa boeren compenseert voor het leveren van groene en blauwe diensten. En als de landbouw opschuift naar de Oostbloklanden, dan verandert de waterafvoer van de Rijn. Over de grens kijken is leerzaam, maakt Eddy Moors duidelij

Full carbon accounting: mission impossible?

Quantifying mitigation efforts against a large background variability is a demanding task, in which scientific complexity and manageable, transparent accounting systems have difficulty to meet. Can we bring these together

Water Use of Forests in the Netherlands

Dolman, A.J. [Promotor]Feddes, R.A. [Promotor

Gemeten actuele verdamping voor twaalf locaties in Nederland

Stowa heeft Alterra de opdracht gegeven jaarreeksen van actuele dagelijkse verdamping af te leiden voor twaalf meetlocaties in Nederland. Daarbij is gebruik gemaakt van bestaande (micro)meteorologische meetgegevens. De meetgegevens zijn gecontroleerd op kwaliteit en continuïteit en ontbrekende dagtotalen zijn aangevuld met door een Artificieel Neuraal Netwerk gesimuleerde gegevens. De onzekerheid in de jaartotalen van de bepaalde actuele verdamping ligt tussen de 10 en 15%

Controls on winter ecosystem respiration in temperate and boreal ecosystems

Winter CO2 fluxes represent an important component of the annual carbon budget in northern ecosystems. Understanding winter respiration processes and their responses to climate change is also central to our ability to assess terrestrial carbon cycle and climate feedbacks in the future. However, the factors influencing the spatial and temporal patterns of winter ecosystem respiration (Reco) of northern ecosystems are poorly understood. For this reason, we analyzed eddy covariance flux data from 57 ecosystem sites ranging from ~35° N to ~70° N. Deciduous forests were characterized by the highest winter Reco rates (0.90 ± 0.39 g C m-2 d-1), when winter is defined as the period during which daily air temperature remains below 0 °C. By contrast, arctic wetlands had the lowest winter Reco rates (0.02 ± 0.02 g C m-2 d-1). Mixed forests, evergreen needle-leaved forests, grasslands, croplands and boreal wetlands were characterized by intermediate winter Reco rates (g C m-2 d-1) of 0.70(±0.33), 0.60(±0.38), 0.62(±0.43), 0.49(±0.22) and 0.27(±0.08), respectively. Our cross site analysis showed that winter air (Tair) and soil (Tsoil) temperature played a dominating role in determining the spatial patterns of winter Reco in both forest and managed ecosystems (grasslands and croplands). Besides temperature, the seasonal amplitude of the leaf area index (LAI), inferred from satellite observation, or growing season gross primary productivity, which we use here as a proxy for the amount of recent carbon available for Reco in the subsequent winter, played a marginal role in winter CO2 emissions from forest ecosystems. We found that winter Reco sensitivity to temperature variation across space (QS) was higher than the one over time (interannual, QT). This can be expected because QS not only accounts for climate gradients across sites but also for (positively correlated) the spatial variability of substrate quantity. Thus, if the models estimate future warming impacts on Reco based on QS rather than QT, this could overestimate the impact of temperature change