10,991 research outputs found
Berry phase and Anomalous Hall Effect in a Three-orbital Tight-binding Hamiltonian
We consider the Anomalous Hall (AH) state induced by interactions in a
three-orbital per unit-cell model. To be specific we consider a model
appropriate for the Copper-Oxide lattice to highlight the necessary conditions
for time-reversal breaking states which are AH states and which are not. We
compare the singularities of the wave-functions of the three-orbital model,
which are related to the nonzero Berry curvature, and their variation with a
change of gauge to those in the two-orbital model introduced in a seminal paper
by Haldane. Explicit derivation using wave-functions rather than the more
powerful abstract methods may provide additional physical understanding of the
phenomena
Modular Invariants in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
We investigate the modular properties of the characters which appear in the
partition functions of nonabelian fractional quantum Hall states. We first give
the annulus partition function for nonabelian FQH states formed by spinon and
holon (spinon-holon state). The degrees of freedom of spin are described by the
affine SU(2) Kac-Moody algebra at level . The partition function and the
Hilbert space of the edge excitations decomposed differently according to
whether is even or odd. We then investigate the full modular properties of
the extended characters for nonabelian fractional quantum Hall states. We
explicitly verify the modular invariance of the annulus grand partition
functions for spinon-holon states, the Pfaffian state and the 331 states. This
enables one to extend the relation between the modular behavior and the
topological order to nonabelian cases. For the Haldane-Rezayi state, we find
that the extended characters do not form a representation of the modular group,
thus the modular invariance is broken.Comment: Latex,21 pages.version to appear in Nucl.Phys.
A statistical-mechanical explanation of dark matter halo properties
Cosmological N-body simulations have revealed many empirical relationships of
dark matter halos, yet the physical origin of these halo properties still
remains unclear. On the other hand, the attempts to establish the statistical
mechanics for self-gravitating systems have encountered many formal
difficulties, and little progress has been made for about fifty years. The aim
of this work is to strengthen the validity of the statistical-mechanical
approach we have proposed previously to explain the dark matter halo
properties. By introducing an effective pressure instead of the radial pressure
to construct the specific entropy, we use the entropy principle and proceed in
a similar way as previously to obtain an entropy stationary equation. An
equation of state for equilibrated dark halos is derived from this entropy
stationary equation, by which the dark halo density profiles with finite mass
can be obtained. We also derive the anisotropy parameter and pseudo-phase-space
density profile. All these predictions agree well with numerical simulations in
the outer regions of dark halos. Our work provides further support to the idea
that statistical mechanics for self-gravitating systems is a viable tool for
investigation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by A&
Electronic conduction in a three-terminal molecular transistor
The electronic conduction of a novel, three-terminal molecular architecture,
analogous to a heterojunction bipolar transistor is studied. In this
architecture, two diode arms consisting of donor-acceptor molecular wires fuse
through a ring, while a gate modulating wire is a \pi-conjugated wire. The
calculated results show the enhancement or depletion mode of a transistor by
applying a gate field along the positive or negative direction. A small gate
field is required to switch on the current in the proposed architecture. The
changes in the electronic conduction can be attributed to the intrinsic dipolar
molecular architecture in terms of the evolution of molecular wavefunctions,
specifically the one associated with the terphenyl group of the modulating wire
in the presence of the gate field.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Effects of Community Exercise Therapy on Metabolic, Brain, Physical, and Cognitive Function Following Stroke : A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
© The Author(s) 2014.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin
Regulation of macrophage and granulocyte proliferation. Specificities of prostaglandin E and lactoferrin
Hemopoietic colony-forming cells committed to macrophage differentiation (M-CFC) are selectively and differentially inhibited by prostaglandin E (PGE). A hierarchy of sensitivity was observed among murine CFC stimulated by colony-stimulating factors (CSF) which differ in their ability to initiate proliferation of morphologically distinct colony types, or stimulated by CSF provided by macrophage feeder layers. Inhibition of macrophage colony formation to 50 percent levels occurred with PGE concentrations between 10(-8) and 10(-9) M, and was still evident at 10(-10) -10(-11) M PGE concentrations. The growth of mixed colonies containing both macrophages and neutrophils was less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of PGE, however, the monocytoid component of these colonies was reduced in the presence of PGE. Neutrophil progenitor cell proliferation was not influenced by PGE concentrations below 10(-6) M, regardless of time of addition of PGE, whereas clonal macrophage expansion, as well as clone size, was sensitive to inhibition by PGE when added as late as 3 d after culture initiation. Prostaglandin F(2α), was not inhibitory to colony formation. Experimental evidence for a selective role of macrophage PGE in the regulation of macrophage colony formation was directly provided by utilizing resident peritoneal macrophages as a source of CSF for bone marrow target cell overlays. Simultaneous morphological analysis of colonies proliferating in bilayer culture in response to increasing concentrations of macrophages, and direct measurements of PGE synthesized by an identical number of macrophages maintained in liquid culture demonstrate that a specific decline in macrophage colony formation occurs coincident with a linear increase in macrophage PGE synthesis. Inhibition of macrophage PGE synthesis by indomethacin results in the specific enhancement of macrophage colony formation. Furthermore, macrophage PGE synthesis is induced by CSF preparations with the selective capacity to differentially stimulate macrophage proliferation, but not by those which preferentially stimulate granulocyte colony formation. In comparison to the effects of PGE on M-CFC, polymorphonuclear granulocyte-derived lactoferrin (LF) reduces macrophage production of colony-stimulating activities for macrophage, mixed macrophage- neutrophil and neutrophil colony formation. The ability of LF to reduce macrophage PGE synthesis, presumably by decreasing CSF production, suggests that LF and PGE can interact in the control of macrophage and granulocyte proliferation
An attractor for dark matter structures
Cosmological simulations of dark matter structures have identified a set of
universal profiles, and similar characteristics have been seen in
non-cosmological simulations. It has therefore been speculated whether these
profiles of collisionless systems relate to accretion and merger history, or if
there is an attractor for the dark matter systems. Here we identify such a
1-dimensional attractor in the 3-dimensional space spanned by the 2 radial
slopes of the density and velocity dispersion, and the velocity anisotropy.
This attractor effectively removes one degree of freedom from the Jeans
equation. It also allows us to speculate on a new fluid interpretation for the
Jeans equation, with an effective polytropic index for the dark matter
particles between 1/2 and 3/4. If this attractor solution holds for other
collisionless structures, then it may hold the key to break the mass-anisotropy
degeneracy, which presently prevents us from measuring the mass profiles in
dwarf galaxies uniquely.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, comments welcom
Observation of Fermi-energy dependent unitary impurity resonances in a strong topological insulator Bi2Se3 with scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Scanning tunneling spectroscopic studies of Bi2Se3 epitaxial films on Si
(111) substrates reveal highly localized unitary impurity resonances associated
with non-magnetic quantum impurities. The strength of the resonances depends on
the energy difference between the Fermi level ({E_F}) and the Dirac point
({E_D}) and diverges as {E_F} approaches {E_D}. The Dirac-cone surface state of
the host recovers within ~ 2{\AA} spatial distance from impurities, suggesting
robust topological protection of the surface state of topological insulators
against high-density impurities that preserve time reversal symmetry.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for fast-track publication in Solid
State Communications (2012
Hypothalamic Vitamin D Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Reduces Weight
Despite clear associations between vitamin D deficiency and obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, a causal relationship is not established. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are found within multiple tissues, including the brain. Given the importance of the brain in controlling both glucose levels and body weight, we hypothesized that activation of central VDR links vitamin D to the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis. Indeed, we found that small doses of active vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) (calcitriol), into the third ventricle of the brain improved glucose tolerance and markedly increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, an effect that is dependent upon VDR within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, chronic central administration of 1,25D3 dramatically decreased body weight by lowering food intake in obese rodents. Our data indicate that 1,25D3-mediated changes in food intake occur through action within the arcuate nucleus. We found that VDR colocalized with and activated key appetite-regulating neurons in the arcuate, namely proopiomelanocortin neurons. Together, these findings define a novel pathway for vitamin D regulation of metabolism with unique and divergent roles for central nervous system VDR signaling. Specifically, our data suggest that vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis via the paraventricular nuclei and energy homeostasis via the arcuate nuclei
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