1,393 research outputs found
Requiring Landlords to Install and Maintain Smoke Alarms Under the Texas Smoke Detector Statute: A Matter of Life and Death
A computational group theoretic symmetry reduction package for the SPIN model checker
Symmetry reduced model checking is hindered by two problems: how to identify state space symmetry when systems are not fully symmetric, and how to determine equivalence of states during search. We present TopSpin, a fully automatic symmetry reduction package for the Spin model checker. TopSpin uses the Gap computational algebra system to effectively detect state space symmetry from the associated Promela specification, and to choose an efficient symmetry reduction strategy by classifying automorphism groups as a disjoint/wreath product of subgroups. We present encouraging experimental results for a variety of Promela examples
Techno-economic and reliability assessment of solar water heaters in Australia based on Monte Carlo analysis
Monte Carlo analysis is used in this study to estimate the techno-economic benefits and reliabilities of solar water heaters. The study focuses on a product range manufactured by a local company in Australia. The historical data provided by the company forms the basis of this investigation. The inverse Weibull distribution function is a good match for representing the historical data in the model in terms of the number of failures per operating time for each component. The overall system reliability is determined as the sum of individual component failures during the product lifetime. The analysis is carried out for different system configurations using copper, stainless steel and glass-lined storage tanks. All the systems utilise flat plate collectors. The product with glass-lined storage tanks and electric boosters show a good overall reliability if systems are maintained. Based on the probability model, the variable maintenance costs of solar water heaters were estimated over the product lifetime. This together with capital expenditures and fuel charges are used to compute the specific price of hot water supply for different system configurations. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to show the impact of auxiliary heating on the economic viability of the products. The results show that solar water heaters can offer significantly better long-term economic viability compared to conventional systems at moderate auxiliary energy consumptions
Thermal production of ultrarelativistic right-handed neutrinos: Complete leading-order results
The thermal production of relativistic right-handed Majorana neutrinos is of
importance for models of thermal leptogenesis in the early Universe.
Right-handed neutrinos can be produced both by 1 2 decay or inverse decay
and by 2 -> 2 scattering processes. In a previous publication, we have studied
the production via 1 2 (inverse) decay processes. There we have shown that
multiple scattering mediated by soft gauge boson exchange also contributes to
the production rate at leading order, and gives a strong enhancement. Here we
complete the leading order calculation by adding 2 -> 2 scattering processes
involving either electroweak gauge bosons or third-generation quarks. We find
that processes with gauge interactions give the most important contributions.
We also obtain a new sum rule for the Hard Thermal Loop resummed fermion
propagator.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures. Error in the matrix element for the
(subdominant) subprocess with s-channel fermion exchange corrected. This
changes the corresponding phase space integral and the constant c_V.
Numerically it increases the total 2 -> 2 rate by about 2 percent and the
complete rate by about 1 percent. The main results and conclusions are
unaffecte
On the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from dark matter annihilation or decay in galaxy clusters
We revisit the prospects for detecting the Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SZ) effect
induced by dark matter (DM) annihilation or decay. We show that with standard
(or even extreme) assumptions for DM properties, the optical depth associated
with relativistic electrons injected from DM annihilation or decay is much
smaller than that associated with thermal electrons, when averaged over the
angular resolution of current and future experiments. For example, we find:
(depending on the assumptions) for \mchi
= 1 GeV and a density profile for a template cluster
located at 50 Mpc and observed within an angular resolution of , compared
to . This, together with a full spectral
analysis, enables us to demonstrate that, for a template cluster with generic
properties, the SZ effect due to DM annihilation or decay is far below the
sensitivity of the Planck satellite. This is at variance with previous claims
regarding heavier annihilating DM particles. Should DM be made of lighter
particles, the current constraints from 511 keV observations on the
annihilation cross section or decay rate still prevent a detectable SZ effect.
Finally, we show that spatial diffusion sets a core of a few kpc in the
electron distribution, even for very cuspy DM profiles, such that improving the
angular resolution of the instrument, e.g. with ALMA, does not necessarily
improve the detection potential. We provide useful analytical formulae
parameterized in terms of the DM mass, decay rate or annihilation cross section
and DM halo features, that allow quick estimates of the SZ effect induced by
any given candidate and any DM halo profile.Comment: 27 p, 6 figs, additional section on spatial diffusion effects.
Accepted for publication in JCA
String Imprints from a Pre-inflationary Era
We derive the equations governing the dynamics of cosmic strings in a flat
anisotropic universe of Bianchi type I and study the evolution of simple cosmic
string loop solutions. We show that the anisotropy of the background can have a
characteristic effect in the loop motion. We discuss some cosmological
consequences of these findings and, by extrapolating our results to cosmic
string networks, we comment on their ability to survive an inflationary epoch,
and hence be a possible fossil remnant (still visible today) of an anisotropic
phase in the very early universe.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Development of Fatigue Testing System for in-situ Observation by AFM & SEM
A three-point bend fatigue miniature stage for in-situ observation of fatigue microcrack initiation and growth behaviour by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been manufactured. Details of the stage design with finite element analysis of the stress profiles on loading are provided. The proposed stage facilitates study of the micro mechanisms of fatigue when used during SEM and AFM scanning of the sample surface. To demonstrate the applicability of the system, fatigue tests have been performed on annealed AISI Type 316 stainless steel. Surface topography images obtained by SEM and HS-AFM (High Speed AFM) are presented for comparison. The data can be used to validate crystal plasticity models which should then directly predict multiaxial behaviour without recourse to deformation rules such as equivalent stress or strain
Multifractality at the spin quantum Hall transition
Statistical properties of critical wave functions at the spin quantum Hall
transition are studied both numerically and analytically (via mapping onto the
classical percolation). It is shown that the index characterizing the
decay of wave function correlations is equal to 1/4, at variance with the
decay of the diffusion propagator. The multifractality spectra of
eigenfunctions and of two-point conductances are found to be
close-to-parabolic, and .Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
A Way to Reopen the Window for Electroweak Baryogenesis
We reanalyse the sphaleron bound of electroweak baryogenesis when allowing
deviations to the Friedmann equation. These modifications are well motivated in
the context of brane cosmology where they appear without being in conflict with
major experimental constraints on four-dimensional gravity. While suppressed at
the time of nucleosynthesis, these corrections can dominate at the time of the
electroweak phase transition and in certain cases provide the amount of
expansion needed to freeze out the baryon asymmetry without requiring a
strongly first order phase transition. The sphaleron bound is substantially
weakened and can even disappear so that the constraints on the higgs and stop
masses do not apply anymore. Such modification of cosmology at early times
therefore reopens the parameter space allowing electroweak baryogenesis which
had been reduced substantially given the new bound on the higgs mass imposed by
LEP. In contrast with previous attempts to turn around the sphaleron bound
using alternative cosmologies, we are still considering that the electroweak
phase transition takes place in a radiation dominated universe. The universe is
expanding fast because of the modification of the Friedmann equation itself
without the need for a scalar field and therefore evading the problem of the
decay of this scalar field after the completion of the phase transition and the
risk that its release of entropy dilutes the baryon asymmetry produced at the
transition.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor changes, remark added at end of
section 5 and in caption of figure 1; v3: references added, version to be
publishe
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