Factor endowments, vent for surplus and involutionary process in rural developing economies

This article seeks to provide a new analytical framework based on factor endowments to understand growth in rural economies without structural transformation. More concretely, it explores the variation in farmers’ ability to respond to new commercial opportunities. To complement the extensive literature on the economic and institutional effects of factor endowments, this paper revisits two influential yet controversial theories: Mark Elvin’s high-level equilibrium trap for areas with high population densities in a closed arable frontier, and Hla Myint’s vent for surplus for areas with surpluses of land and labour. We argue that these become more operational if reinterpreted by Boserupian land intensification processes. By lifting the neo-classical constraints on factor relationships, this paper contributes by exploring the mechanisms by which factor endowments might preclude the transformation. Understanding the different dynamics of cultivation in relation to land and labour use, technological choices, saving capacity, and potential linkages to industrialization becomes of even greater significance as these areas may be found within the same countries at a given time.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Coprime factorization of singular linear systems. A Stein matritial equation approach

In this work immersed in the eld of control theory on a Given a singular linear dynamic time invariant represented by Ex + ( t ) = Ax ( t ) Bu ( t ), y ( t ) = Cx ( t ). We want to classify singular systems such that by means a feedback and an output injection, the transfer ma- trix of the system is a polynomial, for that we analyze conditions for obtention of a coprime factorization of transfer matrices of singular lin- ear systems de ned over commutative rings R with element unit. The problem presented is related to the existence of solutions of a Stein matritial equation XE NXA = Z .Postprint (published version

Análisis comparativo de los gestores bibliográficos sociales Zotero, Docear y Mendeley: características y prestaciones.

Se realiza una aproximación al origen y evolución de la gestión bibliográfica personal, estableciendo una cronología de la aparición de los gestores bibliográficos más populares, resaltando sus características y evidenciando su utilidad en el ámbito académico-científico. Para ello, hay que tratar de analizar conceptos y procesos directamente relacionados con los gestores bibliográficos personales, productos objeto de estudio, tales como fuentes de información bibliográfica y la normalización bibliográfica y, fundamentalmente del ámbito científico, donde son productos esenciales en la formalización de la su producción para su posterior difusión. Para ello se realiza un análisis comparativo entre los gestores de referencia bibliográficos gratuitos Zotero, Docear y Mendeley, habiendo conseguido identificar algunas diferencias significativas entre ellos que deben ser consideradas antes de utilizarlos

Outflow of hot and cold molecular gas from the obscured secondary nucleus of NGC3256: closing in on feedback physics

The nuclei of merging galaxies are often deeply buried in dense layers of gas and dust. In these regions, gas outflows driven by starburst and AGN activity are believed to play a crucial role in the evolution of these galaxies. However, to fully understand this process it is essential to resolve the morphology and kinematics of such outflows. Using near-IR integral-field spectroscopy obtained with VLT/SINFONI, we detect a kpc-scale structure of high-velocity molecular hydrogen (H2) gas associated with the deeply buried secondary nucleus of the IR-luminous merger NGC3256. We show that this structure is likely the hot component of a molecular outflow, which is detected also in the cold molecular gas by Sakamoto et al. This outflow, with a molecular gas mass of M(H2)~2x10^7 Msun, is among the first to be spatially resolved in both the hot H2 gas with VLT/SINFONI and the cold CO-emitting gas with ALMA. The hot and cold components share a similar morphology and kinematics, with a hot-to-cold molecular gas mass ratio of ~6x10^-5. The high (~100 pc) resolution at which we map the geometry and velocity structure of the hot outflow reveals a biconical morphology with opening angle ~40 deg and gas spread across a FWZI~1200 km/s. Because this collimated outflow is oriented close to the plane of the sky, the molecular gas may reach maximum intrinsic outflow velocities of ~1800 km/s, with an average mass outflow rate of at least ~20 Msun/yr. By modeling the line-ratios of various near-IR H2 transitions, we show that the H2 gas in the outflow is heated through shocks or X-rays to a temperature of ~1900K. The energy needed to drive the outflow is likely provided by a hidden Compton-thick AGN or by the nuclear starburst. We show that the global kinematics of the molecular outflow in NGC3256 mimic those of CO-outflows that have been observed at low spatial resolution in starburst- and active galaxies.Comment: Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted 29 Aug 2014 v.3, initial submission v.1 14 March 2014), 13 pages, 8 figure

Integrated magnetic localization sensing and actuation of steerable robotic catheter for Peripheral Arterial Disease treatment

Magnetically Steerable Robotic Catheters (MSRC) exhibit potential in treating Peripheral Arterial Diseases (PAD) through the precise steering of a catheter tip via magnetic actuation. PAD, characterized by the narrowing of blood vessels, affects approximately 6.5 million people age 40 and older in the US, necessitating effective treatment options. Percutaneous Endovascular Intervention (PEI) is the conventional approach but often lacks efficient navigation through intricate vasculatures. Existing MSRC systems rely on continuous fluoroscopic imaging for real-time location sensing, posing radiation risks to patients and medical staff. To reduce x-ray radiation exposure, this study presents an innovative MSRC system that integrates magnetic location sensing and actuation. The catheter features a magnetic tip for external electromagnetic steering and uses a cylindrical array of magnetic sensors for real-time location estimation. A mathematical model for magnetic localization is presented, with real-time application using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The integration of magnetic steering and sensing is showcased through real-time navigation experiments. The system components, including the magnet, catheter design, feeding mechanism, sensor array, and Helmholtz coils, are detailed. Experimental results using a prototype MSRC demonstrate an average position estimation error of 0.95 mm after calibration. The system successfully navigates vascular phantoms using actuated magnetic steering and sensing, highlighting its potential to minimize x-ray exposure during PAD surgeries.Mechanical Engineerin

PREDICT 2017 Country Factsheets: EU Member States – Benchmarking with Non-EU Countries

The PREDICT 2017 Factsheets present essential statistical data regarding the performance of the EU ICT sector. They provide figures and tables on general economic and industry trends and R&D performance. These Factsheets are the subject of three reports. This third report presents Factsheets on the EU in total and 12 non-EU countries: Norway, Switzerland, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Taiwan and the United States. The first report on ‘Data in Current Prices’ and the second report on ‘Purchasing Power Standard’ present sets of Factsheets with data on each EU Member State and compare it to the EU average.JRC.B.6-Digital Econom

PREDICT 2017 Country Factsheets: EU Member States – Purchasing Power Standard

The PREDICT 2017 Factsheets present essential statistical data regarding the performance of the EU ICT sector. They provide figures and tables on general economic and industry trends and R&D performance. These Factsheets are the subject of three reports. This report on ‘Purchasing Power Standard’ and the second report on ‘Data in Current Prices’ present sets of Factsheets with data on each EU Member State, in comparison to the EU average. The third report presents Factsheets on the EU and 12 non-EU countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea, Norway, Russia, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United States.JRC.B.6-Digital Econom

PREDICT 2017 Country Factsheets: EU Member States – Data in Current Prices

The PREDICT 2017 Factsheets present essential statistical data regarding the performance of the EU ICT sector. They provide figures and tables on general economic and industry trends and R&D performance. These Factsheets are the subject of three reports. This report on ‘Data in Current Prices’ and the second report on ‘Purchasing Power Standard’ present sets of Factsheets with data on each EU Member State, in comparison to the EU average. The third report presents Factsheets on the EU and 12 non-EU countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea, Norway, Russia, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United States.JRC.B.6-Digital Econom