Sincronização do estro em pacas (Cuniculus paca L.): possíveis impactos sobre parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos

Estrus synchronization is a reproductive biotechnology used to improve artificial insemination or pairing through the manipulation of the estrous cycle at a desirable time. Employing this technique in captive pacas (Cuniculus paca L.) is important because it creates expectation of meeting the demand for paca meat and, consequently, reduces poaching. Thus, this research aims to verify the effect of a progestogen implant associated with two doses of eCG on the synchronization and induction of fertile estrus. Twenty-seven adult pacas were used, 18 non-pregnant females and nine males, divided into three groups. G1 and G2 females groups (treatments) received 1.5 mg Norgestomet and were injected intramuscularly, seven days later, with 0.13 mg of prostaglandin. After 24 hours the implants were removed and the animals immediately received 25 IU and 50 IU of ECG intramuscularly, respectively. The mating of the three groups took place on the same days. G3 females’ group (control) showed estrus on different days after D0. Females under treatment displayed estrus only after removing the implant (D8). G1, G2, and G3 pregnancy rates were 100%, 66%, and 50%, respectively. Regarding births per parturition, 100% of G1 and G3 produced one offspring, while 50% of G2 produced two. Progestogen in the form of subcutaneous implants was effective in mimicking the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. After removal, implants favored the occurrence of a fertile estrus. As a conclusion, further studies must be conducted in order to establish in-depth possible association between 50 IU of eCG, and the occurrence of twin pregnancies.A sincronização é uma biotécnica reprodutiva que melhora a porcentagem de cobertura por meio da manipulação do ciclo estral. Empregar esta biotécnica em pacas de cativeiro (Cuniculus paca L.) é importante, pois cria-se a expectativa de que a demanda pela carne seja atendida e a caça ilegal diminua. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar o efeito de implantes de progestágenos associados a duas doses de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) na sincronização e indução de cios férteis de pacas. Foram utilizadas 18 fêmeas não prenhas e nove machos, divididos em três grupos. Fêmeas do G1 e G2 receberam implantes com 1,5mg de Norgestomet e, sete dias depois, 0,13mg de prostaglandina via intramuscular (IM). No dia 8 (D8), foram retirados os implantes e G1 e G2 receberam 25 UI e 50 UI de eCG, IM, respectivamente; G3 foi o controle. O pareamento nos três grupos aconteceu nos mesmos dias. As fêmeas do G3 apresentaram cio alguns dias após o dia zero (D0). Fêmeas que receberam tratamento apresentaram cio só após a retirada do implante no dia 8 (D8). As taxas de prenhez de G1, G2 e G3 atingiram 100%, 66% e 50%, respectivamente. Em relação a filhotes por parto, 100% do G1 e G3 produziram uma cria, enquanto 50% do G2 produziram duas crias. O progestágeno do implante foi eficaz em mimetizar a fase lútea do ciclo estral. Após a remoção, o tratamento hormonal favoreceu a ocorrência de cio fértil. Outros estudos devem ser realizados a fim de estabelecer uma possível associação entre 50 UI de eCG e a ocorrência de gestações gemelares

Hair Analysis of Mammals of Brazilian Wildlife for Forensic Purposes

Wildlife trafficking is classified as the fourth largest illegal commerce in the world. Taxonomic identification of wildlife is an ordinary process for forensics experts. The aim of this study was to analyze animal’s hair from Brazilian’s wildlife through microscopic and compare morphology of bristle among species analyzed. Hair samples of nine species were analyzed. Glass slides were analyzed through optical microscopy and following measurements were obtained: total length, medulla diameter, overall diameter and overall ratio diameter of the medulla’s diameter. The images obtained at identification of animals through the morphology of hair and the statistics analysis corroborates in favor for the validation of the technique

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Expressão dos genes MDR-1, TP53, BCL-2 e BAX em tumor venéreo transmissível canino e sua relação com a agressividade e resposta à terapia

Transmissible venereal tumor - TVT has been subject of numerous investigations, despite this, there are gaps that need studies. There TVTs with varying degrees of aggressiveness, so some do not respond to conventional treatment protocols. Implying that there is progressive alteration of their biological profile. Techniques such as cell culture, flow cytometry and molecular biology offer subsidies to identify and quantify these changes, including predicting the biological behavior of the tumor. The objective was to quantify the gene expression BAX, BCL2, TP53 and MDR1 in primary TVT cells and in vitro before and after vincristine, in order to identify changes regarding the aggressiveness and resistance to therapy. 18 samples of TVT canines were obtained to establish 8 primary cultures. After was performed cytotoxicity tests, survival, apoptosis, growth curve and analysis of expression of genes BAX, BCL2, p53 and MDR1. When comparing the TVT cells treated with vincristine, with those who did not receive treatment, there was statistical difference in relation to cytotoxicity rates, survival, and cell cycle phases, G1, Sub G1 and S. About the MDR-1 gene expression, the same difference was observed when comparing cells treated and untreated groups. In this situation, what would be expected at the low expression of the TP53 gene, however, was the opposite, in other words high expression of TP53 gene. In this situation it is believed that there has been a regulatory mechanism of apoptosis. In BAX and BCL-2 genes were not observed statistical difference between the groups, in this case, appears to have not occurred the regulation expected of BAX by TP53. It is believed that there TP53 mutation. Data low reported on TVT. Although initial, data may conclude that are related to tumor malignancy and chemotherapy resistanceO tumor venéreo transmissível – TVT é objeto de numerosas investigações, apesar disso, existem lacunas que necessitam estudos. Há TVTs com graus variados de agressividade, portanto, alguns não respondem aos protocolos terapêuticos convencionais. Dando a entender que há modificações progressivas do seu perfil biológico. Técnicas como cultura celular, citometria de fluxo e a biologia molecular oferecem subsídios para se identificar e quantificar essas modificações, inclusive predizer comportamento biológico de tumor. O objetivo foi quantificar a expressão dos genes BAX, BCL2, TP53 e MDR1 em células de TVT primário e in vitro antes e depois da vincristina, a fim de identificar modificações quanto à resistência a agressividade e o tratamento. Foram obtidas 18 amostras de TVT caninos, para se estabelecer 8 culturas primárias. Logo depois se realizou testes de citotoxicidade, sobrevivência, apoptose, curva de crescimento e análise de expressão dos genes BAX, BCL2, TP53 e MDR1. Quando se comparou as células de TVT tratadas com vincristina, com aquelas que não receberam o tratamento, houve diferença estatística em relação às taxas de citotoxicidade, sobrevivência, e fases do ciclo celular, G1, Sub G1 e S. Sobre a expressão do gene MDR-1 a mesma diferença foi observada quando se comparou grupos de células tratadas e não tratadas. Nessa situação, o que se espera encontrar seria a baixa expressão do gene TP53, entretanto, ocorreu o oposto, qual seja alta expressão do gene TP53. Nessa situação acredita-se que tenha ocorrido o mecanismo regulador de apoptose. Quanto aos genes BAX e BCL-2 não foram observadas diferença estatística entre os grupos. Nesse caso, parecer não ter ocorrido a regulação esperada, do BAX pelo TP53. Acredita-se que houve mutação do TP53. Dados pouco relatados em TVT. Apesar de dados iniciais, podem concluir que estão relacionados à malignidade do tumor e resistência a quimioterapiaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Intoxicación con fenilbutazona en un equino: reporte de un caso

It is described a clinic case of an equine that developed severe digestive lesions after taking high dosage of phenylbutazone to treat a lameness. At the moment of checking, it had nine days of evolution. Since its arriving to the hospital, it was seen an intense lameness of the four limbs, dehydration and fetid diarrhea. After the physic exam, the interrogatory and the diagnostic aids it was proposed a diagnosis of traumatic laminitis, ulcerative gastritis and colitis by intoxication with Non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug (NSAIDs). The condition became worse despite the therapy and when the neurological signs were presented. It was suggested the euthanasia. During the necropsy, it was seen severe lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, hooves and brain. The objective of this article is to describe la symptomatology, therapy and evolution of the intoxicated patient with NSAIDs

Canine transmissible venereal tumor: expression of MDR-1, and TP53 and BCL-2 family genes and its implications in biological and therapeutic behavior

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cells with plasmocytoid or lymphocytoid appearance. The tumor presents several particularities, which have been the subject of numerous studies; however there still have investigations that need to be done. For example, a progressive increase of highly aggressive tumors with varying response to chemotherapy -including resistance- has been evidenced in recent years. There is scientific interest to understand these differences, allowing predicting possible clinical outcomes in affected dogs and increasingly searching adequate and individualized therapy. This review focuses on presenting possible implications of the expression of MDR-1 (P-glycoprotein), TP53, BCL-2, and BAX genes, regarding resistance to chemotherapy and/or the biologic behavior of TVTO tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia de células redondas de aspecto plasmocitóide ou linfocitóide. O tumor apresenta várias particularidades que tem sido objeto de numerosas investigações e apesar disso, ainda existem lacunas que necessitam de maiores estudos. Por exemplo, nos últimos anos, tem-se evidenciado um aumento progressivo de tumores que apresentam elevados porcentuais de agressividade e variável resposta à quimioterapia, inclusive resistência. Desta forma, atualmente há interesses científicos com relação a compreender melhor estas diferenças, permitindo predizer uma possível evolução clínica entre cães acometidos pelo tumor e buscando cada vez mais uma conduta terapêutica adequada e individualizada. Assim, a revisão de literatura, centra-se em apresentar possíveis implicações da expressão dos genes MDR-1 (glicoproteína-p), TP53, BCL-2, BAX, quanto à resistência à quimioterapia, e/ou comportamento biológico do TVT.El tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) es una neoplasia de células redondas de aspecto plasmocitoide o linfocitoide. El tumor presenta varias particularidades que han sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones y a pesar de eso, aún existen algunos vacíos en su conocimiento que requieren mayores estudios. Por ejemplo, en los últimos años, se ha evidenciado un aumento progresivo de tumores que presentan elevados porcentajes de agresividad y una respuesta variable a la quimioterapia, inclusive alguna resistencia. En este sentido, actualmente hay intereses científicos con relación a comprender mejor estas diferencias, permitiendo predecir una posible evolución clínica entre perros afectados por el tumor y buscando cada vez más una conducta terapéutica adecuada e individualizada. Así, la revisión de literatura, se centra en presentar posibles implicaciones de la expresión de los genes MDR-1 (glicoproteína-p), TP53, BCL-2, BAX, en cuanto a la resistencia a la quimioterapia, y/o el comportamiento biológico del TV

Uso de la inmunohistoquímica como herramienta epidemiológica para el diagnóstico de rabia bovina a partir de casos no conclusivos

Objective. Identify the rabies virus in cases of nervous disease archived in the laboratory with diagnosis of nonspecific encephalitis. Materials and methods. Twelve samples of bovine brain suspected of rabies, were processed by indirect immunoperoxidase technique using polyclonal antibodies against the viral agent. Results. Was demonstrated the presence of viral antigens in three cases in the form of small aggregates in the cytoplasm of neurons, with a pattern of round or oval and a variable number of viral inclusion bodies. We discussed the importance of the results in Colombia, the usefulness of the technique in the difficult conditions for sending samples to the laboratory, plus the possible relationship of the negative cases with bovine herpesvirus 5. Conclusions. The use of immunohistochemical technique to demonstrate rabies virus antigens in formalin fixed bovines tissues can help in the construction of an epidemiological map of rabies disease in Colombia and may reduce the high under-diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system of cattle, reported in some regions.Objetivo. Identificar el virus de la rabia en casos de encefalitis bovina a partir de muestras archivadas en el laboratorio sin diagnóstico conclusivo. Materiales y métodos. Doce muestras de cerebro bovino sospechosas de rabia, fueron procesadas por la técnica de inmunoperoxidasa indirecta, usando anticuerpos policlonales contra el agente viral. Resultados. Se demostró la presencia de antígenos virales en tres casos en forma de agregados pequeños en el citoplasma de las neuronas, con un patrón de forma redonda u oval y un número variable de corpúsculos de inclusión viral. Se discute sobre la importancia de los resultados en Colombia, la utilidad de la técnica en las difíciles condiciones de envío de muestras al laboratorio, además la posible relación de los casos negativos con herpesvirus bovino 5. Conclusiones. La utilización de la técnica de inmunohistoquímica para demostrar antígenos del virus rábico en encéfalos bovinos fijados en formol, puede ayudar en el perfeccionamiento del mapa epidemiológico de la enfermedad de la rabia en Colombia y puede disminuir el alto subdiagnóstico de otras enfermedades que afectan el sistema nervioso de los bovinos

Enfermedad neurológica bovina con diagnóstico no conclusivo en la región norte de Colombia: análisis histológico e inmunohistoquímico

Bovine neurological disease generates high economic losses in herds and some of its etiological agents are zoonotic, situations that make priority their study. The aim of this study was to identify antigens rabies virus and bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) in cattle brain samples archived as cases of neurological disease with no conclusive diagnosis. 10 samples were selected from laboratory of the Colombian Agricultural Institute –ICA– at Monteria. Tissues were analyzed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry techniques. For immunohistochemical analysis, three antibodies were used: two against antigens of rabies virus at a dilution of 1:200, and one against antigens of BoHV-5 at a dilution of 1:100. Histologically lesions i nine cases lesions that varied in type and severity were observed; antigens detection of rabies virus could be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in 20% (2/10) of cases and could not be demonstrated in any case the presence BoHV-5. We discuss on the histopathological and immunohistochemical finding, it is concluded on the importance of perform association of the two techniques to assist the establishing of the neurological disease etiology, especially in case without diagnostic.La enfermedad neurológica bovina genera altas pérdidas económicas en las ganaderías y algunos de sus agentes etiológicos son zoonóticos, hechos que hacen prioritario su estudio. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar antígenos del virus de la rabia y del herpes virus bovino-5 (BoHV-5) en muestras de encéfalos de bovinos archivados como casos de enfermedad neurológica con diagnóstico no conclusivo. Se seleccionaron 10 muestras del laboratorio del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario –ICA– de Montería. Los tejidos fueron analizados mediante histopatología e inmunohistoquímica; para esta última técnica fueron utilizados tres anticuerpos: dos contra antígenos del virus de la rabia a una dilución de 1:200 y uno contra BoHV-5 a una dilución de 1:100. Histológicamente en nueve casos se observaron lesiones que variaron de tipo y severidad; la identificación de antígenos del virus de la rabia se demostró en 20% (2/10) de los casos y en ningún caso se demostró la presencia BoHV-5. Se discute sobre los resultados histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos y se concluye la importancia de asociar los hallazgos de las dos técnicas para establecer la etiología de la enfermedad neurológica, especialmente en casos con diagnóstico inconcluso

Otite parasitária causada por Rhabditis (Rhabditis) freitasi (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) em animais da raça Gir no estado do Acre.

The bovine parasitic otitis has been reported in several states of Brazil. It is caused by rhabditiforms nematodes, attacking cattle Gir and Indubrasil breeds. The aim of this work was to describe the occurrence of the disease in animals of the cattle Gir breed in Rio Branco, State of Acre, Brazil. The animals belonged to the Station of Improvement and Animal Genetic Diffusion. Samples were collected from five of these individuals, with swabs aid, conditioned in plastic tubes and kept in alcohol 70%. The specimens were visualized using optical microscopy, and the morphometry was accomplished through a micrometrical ocular. The data were inserted in the Excel spreadsheet, running on Windows 7, and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The animals presented purulent secretion in the external ear canals, shook their heads, showed inquietude and sensibility to the touch during the clinical trials, when intense infestation was observed. One of the individuals died. Animal genetic improvement programs are negatively interfered by infestations like these. It was possible and opportune to find out the moment and place how such illness has entered in the state of Acre. This work aims to help reinforce the importance of future studies to report new cases in the state of Acre