Reflexões conceituais e metodológicas sobre Metassíntese

El objetivo de esta editorial consiste en reflexionar sobre el concepto de “metasíntesis”. Aunque existe alguna heterogeneidad al referirse a metasíntesis, sí que hay cierto consenso en hablar de la Metasíntesis. La interpretación más esencial es la que la describe como un procedimiento de investigación secundaria, cuyo propósito es revisar y sintetizar de manera rigurosa y con enfoque crítico el conocimiento procedente de investigaciones originales desarrolladas con metodología cualitativa.The aim of this editorial is to reflect on the concept of “metasynthesis”. Although there is some heterogeneity when referring to metasynthesis, there is some consensus in talking about Metasynthesis. The most essential interpretation is the one that describes it as a secondary research procedure, whose purpose is to review and synthesize rigorously and with a critical approach the knowledge coming from original research developed with qualitative methodology.O objetivo deste editorial é refletir sobre o conceito de metasíntese. Embora exista alguma heterogeneidade al referir-se a uma metástase, o que existe é consenso em falar da Metasíntesis. A interpretação mais essencial é a que descrevem como um procedimento de investigação secundária, cujo propósito é revisar e sintetizar de forma rigurosa e com enfoque crítico o conhecimento procedente de investigações originais desenvolvidas com metodologia qualitativa

Concept of Health and Sickness of the Spanish Gypsy Population: A Qualitative Approach

The Roma community (RC) has poor health indicators, and providing them with adequate healthcare requires understanding their culture and cultural differences. Our objective was to understand the concept of the health and sickness of the RC in Spain, and for this, a qualitative study was conducted. A content analysis utilizing an inductive approach was used to analyze the data. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were performed, and four main categories were obtained after the analysis of the data: perception of the state of health, the value of health, what was observed, and causal attribution. The inter-relations between the categories shows that the RC have a dichotomous worldview split between non-sickness (health) and sickness mediated by causal attribution. Their worldview is polarized into two values: not sick/sick. When not sick, optimism is prioritized along with happiness, and these two emotions are highly valued, as they also play a physical and social function. When a person becomes noticeably sick, this is understood as being in a negative and severe state, and when there are visible physical implications, then the need to act is made clear. When faced with the need to act, the behavior of the RC is mediated by causal attributions, influenced by nature and religion, timing, concealment by not mentioning the disease, and the origin of the healthcare information. For the organization of an adequate health response for the RC, it is necessary for healthcare systems to be able to merge culture and health care

How to elaborate a biography story

Un relato biográfico es un documento que recoge la narración de una experiencia vivida por una persona y expresada con sus propias palabras. Es un tipo de investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo en el que el relato del informante adquiere la mayor importancia.Como un tipo de artículo en concreto, el relato biográfico se compone de dos elementos: la narración del informante y un comentario crítico del investigador. En este artículo se exponen los criterios para la elaboración del relato biográfico: la elección del informante, la técnica de la entrevista, la transcripción del texto y la redacción del artículoA biography story is a document that depicts the experience lived by a person and described by that same person. That is a type of qualitative descriptive research in which the story of the informant is the main issue. As an article, the biography has two main elements: the story and the critical comment of the researcher. In this article we can see the criteria that need to be followed when working with a biography: the selection of the informant, the technique used for the interview, the transcription of the document and the writing of the articl

How to analyse a biography story

El relato biográfico se ha convertido en un diseño apropiado, en el marco de la investigación cualitativa, para explorar visiones subjetivas sobre fenómenos de interés como la enfermedad y el padecimiento humano. El análisis cualitativo en este tipo de diseños en particular y en investigación cualitativa en general, constituye uno de los aspectos en los que los investigadores encuentran mayor dificultad, dada la variabilidad de corrientes analíticas a este respecto. El propósito de este trabajo es proponer una sistemática en el análisis de un texto biográfico que facilite su utilización por autores de estudios biográficos de cara a mejorar el tratamiento documental y la comprensión de los mismos, así como, de manera general, aportar una guía analítica útil para los investigadores cualitativos. La secuencia analítica que se propone es una adaptación de la propuesta práctica de Taylor-Bogdan: Preparación de los datos, descubrimiento de temas, codificación, interpretación, relativización y determinación del rigor.The biographical report has become an appropriate qualitative research to explore subjective visions about phenomena such as illnesses or human suffering. The qualitative analysis in this type of designs particularly and in qualitative research in general, constitutes one of the aspects in which the researchers can find greater difficulty, because of the variability of analytic currents. The purpose of this report is to propose a systematic analysis of a biographical text in order to facilitate its use to those writers about biographical studies so they can improve the documentary processing and its comprehension. At he same time, in a general way, it may contribute to an useful analytic guide for the qualitative researchers. The analytic sequence is an adaptation of the practical proposal by Taylor-Bogdan: Preparation of the data, finding new topics, codification, interpretation, relativizing and decision of the severity

Fortalezas e ameaças em torno da segurança do paciente segundo a opinião dos profissionais de enfermagem

The aim of this research is to know the barriers and opportunities that nursing professionals detect in their clinical practice in order to develop the culture of patient safety and to identify future research lines. This qualitative study is based on the DELPHI method, with a group of 19 nursing professionals from education and care practice, involving both primary and specialized care. Weaknesses and threats revolve around five categories: profession, organization and infrastructure; indicators; communication and safety culture; and safety training. Opportunities to improve safety cover six categories: organizational change; promotion of the safety culture, professional training and development; relationship with the patients; research; and strategic planning. Work is needed to improve safety and nursing should be ready to assume this leadership.El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las barreras y oportunidades que los profesionales de enfermería detectan en su práctica clínica para el pleno desarrollo de la cultura de la seguridad del paciente e identificar posibles líneas de investigación futuras. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en la técnica Delphi modificada sobre un grupo compuesto por 19 profesionales de enfermería del ámbito docente y asistencial, tanto de atención primaria como especializada. Se encontró que las debilidades y amenazas giran alrededor de cinco categorías: profesión; organización e infraestructura; indicadores; comunicación y cultura de seguridad; y, formación en seguridad. Las oportunidades para mejorar la seguridad comprenden seis categorías: cambio organizacional; fomento de la cultura de seguridad, formación y desarrollo profesional; relación con los pacientes, investigación; y, planificación estratégica. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de trabajar para mejorar la seguridad y que la enfermería debe asumir ese liderazgo.O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as barreiras e oportunidades que os profissionais de enfermagem detectam em sua prática clínica para o pleno desenvolvimento da cultura da segurança do paciente e identificar possíveis linhas de pesquisa futuras. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo baseado na técnica Delphi modificada sobre um grupo composto por 19 profissionais de enfermagem do âmbito docente e assistencial, tanto do atendimento primário como especializado. Encontrou-se que as debilidades e ameaças giram em torno de cinco categorias: profissão; organização e infra-estrutura; indicadores; comunicação e cultura de segurança; e, formação em segurança. As oportunidades para melhorar a segurança compreendem seis categorias: mudança organizacional; fomento da cultura de segurança, formação e desenvolvimento profissional; relação com os pacientes; pesquisa; e, planejamento estratégico. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de trabalhar para melhorar a segurança e que a enfermagem deve assumir essa liderança

Efficacy of gel containing organic extra virgin olive oil for peristomal skin hygiene: A pilot randomised controlled trial

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of the application, during stoma hygiene, of a pH-neutral gel containing organic EVOO (oEVOO) for the maintenance of peristomal skin integrity. Method: Patients with a colostomy or ileostomy were enrolled in a pilot randomized controlled trial and assigned treatment with a pH-neutral gel made from natural products including oEVOO or usual stoma hygiene gel. The primary outcome was three domains of abnormal peristomal skin: Discolouration, Erosion and Tissue overgrowth. Secondary outcomes that were evaluated included skin moisture; oiliness; skin elasticity; water-oil balance; patients’ perceptions; difficulty inserting and removing the pouching system; pain, any other chemical, infectious, mechanical, or immunological complications of concern. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. Results: Twenty-one patients were recruited for the trial and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 9). The groups did not differ significantly in terms of patient characteristics. No significant differences between groups were identified either at baseline (p = 0.203) or at the end of the intervention (p = 0.397). In the experimental group, domains of abnormal peristomal skin improved after the intervention. The difference observed before and after the intervention was statistically significant (p = 0.031). Conclusion: The use of a gel containing oEVOO has shown similar levels of efficacy and safety to other gels commonly used for peristomal skin hygiene. It is also relevant to highlight that a significant improvement in skin condition was observed in the experimental group before and after the intervention.Department of Nursing, University of Granada, Spain

Lifestyles and academic stress among health sciences students at the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador: a longitudinal study

BackgroundThe significant changes experienced by university students in their training are inherent to educational processes. Social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and the reopening of higher-education institutions produced substantial variations in the lifestyle of university students in health sciences and generated academic stress and perceived stress. This study was conducted at the National University of Chimborazo (UNACH), a public institution located in Riobamba, central Ecuador, the diverse student's population provided an ideal setting for examining the interplay between academic and perceived stress, lifestyle factors, and learning modalities. The research focused on health sciences students across six academic programs. The university's geographical position and demographic characteristics offered a representative sample for investigating these factors within the context changing.AimTo compare academic and perceived stress and university students' lifestyles at two different periods: (1) during the mandatory social confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with an online learning modality (T1); (2) in the post-pandemic period with a return to face-to-face activities (T2).DesignAn observational, analytical, quantitative, and longitudinal study.ParticipantsStudents from six programs (Nursing, Physiotherapy, Clinical Laboratory, Medicine, Dentistry, and Clinical Psychology) from the Faculty of Health of the National University of Chimborazo-Ecuador (n = 2,237) participated voluntarily, the students had one mean age of M = 21.31 (SD = 2.36) at T1 and M = 22.94 (SD = 2.40) at T2. Non-probability convenience sampling was employed due to the accessibility of the student population and the importance of including the maximum number of relevant individuals within the study population.MethodsThe following instruments were used: Nola Pender's Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire, Cognitive Systemic Inventory for the study of academic stress, and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale.ResultsIn T1 and T2, students reported high levels of stress, and increased unhealthy lifestyle increased with the return to classrooms. Additionally, upon returning to face-to-face activities (T2), the mean score applied to the responses of Nola Pender's Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire decreased from M = 113.34 (SD = 23.02) to M = 107.2 (SD = 29.70; p < 0.001). There was significant difference (p < 0.001) in academic stress in T1 [M = 66.25 (SD = 15.66)] and T2 [M = 64.00 (SD = 17.91)].ConclusionsUpon returning to university classrooms (T2), the number of students who reported an “unhealthy” lifestyle increased. Academic stress was high in T1 and T2 and was reported higher in online activities during social isolation

Socio-demographic characteristics, indicators of risk and health care in relation to sexual transmission infections in migrant population of Granada

Fundamentos: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil sociodemográfico, las características de la atención clínica recibida, los indicadores de riesgo y la prevalencia de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) en la población inmigrante que acude a un centro especializado en ITS de la provincia de Granada, así como analizar la asociación entre la presencia o no de ITS con variables sociodemográficas e indicadores de riesgo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, elaborado en el Centro de Orientación y Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual de Granada. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 374 inmigrantes, extraídas de una muestra de 1.455 historias de sujetos con sospecha de padecer una ITS, correspondientes al periodo 2000-2014. Se realizó análisis univariante, bivariante mediante U de Mann-Whitney y test de chi cuadrado, además de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: La edad media de los sujetos fue de 28,28 años (Dt=7,54). El 69,3% eran mujeres y el 30,7% hombres, procedentes del Mercado Común del Sur (39%) y Unión Europea (35,6%), fundamentalmente. Un 36,1% eran profesionales o ex profesionales del sexo, un 34,5% tenía estudios superiores y un 79,9% eran solteros. Un 70% de los casos tuvo un diagnóstico positivo de ITS, siendo la más prevalente el Virus del Papiloma Humano. El número de parejas en el último año (OR=1,39; IC 95%=1,12-1,74; p=0,002) se asoció significativamente a la presencia de ITS. Conclusiones: En la muestra, que es principalmente de mujeres, profesionales o ex profesiona- les del sexo, jóvenes, procedentes de Sudamérica y Europa, hay una prevalencia alta de ITS y un mayor riesgo a medida que aumenta el número de parejas en el último año.Background: The objective of this paper was to describe the sociodemographic profile, the characteristics of clinical care received, the risk indicators and the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in an immigrant population attending a specialized center in Granada, as well as to analyse the asso- ciation between the presence or absence of STI with the sociodemographic variables and risk indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted at the at the Center for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation in Granada, by reviewing the clinical records of 374 immigrants extracted from a sample of 1.455 records of subjects with a suspected of STI, corresponding to the period 2000-2014. Univariate analyses was conducted, bivariate analyses was conducted by using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test, in addition to multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean age of individuals was 28,28 years (Dt=7,54). 69,3% were women and 30,7% were men, mainly from the Southern Common Market (39%) and the European Union (35.6%). 36.1% were professionals or former sex professionals, 34,5% had higher education and 79,9% were single. 70% of the cases had a positive diagnosis of STI, Human Papilloma Virus was the most prevalent infection. The number of partners in the last year (OR = 1,39; IC 95% = 1,12 - 1,74; p = 0,002) was significantly associated with the presence of STI. Conclusions: The sample, mainly women, sex workers or former sex workers, young people, from South America and Europe, has a high prevalence of infections and an increased risk as the number of partners increases in the last year

Teachers' Perception of Grief in Primary and Secondary School Students in Spain: Children's Responses and Elements which Facilitate or Hinder the Grieving Process

Introduction: Children's experience of grief is influenced by many factors, such as the response of the school environment. The objective of this paper was to explore the grieving children's responses, as well as the factors that facilitate and hinder the grieving process from the teachers' perspective. Methods: A qualitative-descriptive study design was used, which included a semi-structured interview conducted with 63 teachers. A thematic analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti7.0. Results: Great variability was found between different children's reactions to death (decreased academic performance, isolation, etc.). The factors influencing the children's reactions were both child-specific and environmental. The teachers pointed to communication, emotional support, and spirituality as facilitating elements, but pointed to discomfort when talking about death as a factor which hinders the grieving process. Conclusions: In conclusion, although children can naturally adapt to a loss, both providing emotional support and training in providing such support are necessary. Nurses can help in the design and planning of specific programmes to help students cope with death and loss

International journals nursing: spanish-portuguese scientific community (year 2002)

Objetivo: Determinar la existencia de revistas internacionales de enfermería en el área iberoamericana. Métodos: Estudio bibliográfico, longitudinal retrospectivo, basado en el análisis de la autoría de artículos de 33 revistas de enfermería del área ligüística del español y del portugués. Para el estudio del carácter internacional de las publicaciones se usó un doble criterio simultáneamente: la colaboración internacional, definida como la publicación de artículos de autoría extranjera; y la Repercusión Inmediata CUIDEN® (Rci) para el año de estudio, entendida ésta como un marcador del consumo visible y actual que una comunidad internacional hace de una revista científica. Resultados: El índice de colaboración internacional fue del 6%, con un grupo de 14 revistas sin colaboración y un núcleo de siete revistas con un valor igual o mayor al 15%. Tres revistas cumplieron el doble criterio para considerar su carácter internacional: Index de Enfermería, Desarrollo Científico de Enfermería y Gerokomos, aunque es posible definir un núcleo con mayor alcance. Conclusiones: Ninguna de las 33 revistas tiene un alcance universal en el área iberoamericana, ya sea desde el punto de vista del consumo, de su citación o de la colaboración internacional. Se puede definir para el año 2002 un pequeño núcleo de revistas con carácter internacional para el área de estudio: Index de Enfermería (Esp), Investigación y Educación en Enfermería (Col), Gerokomos (Esp), Desarrollo Científico de Enfermería (Méx), Revista de Enfermería del IMSS (Méx). Es obvia, no obstante, la inmadurez del área iberoamericana desde el punto de vista de la colaboración internacionalObjective: to determine the existence of international nursing magazines in the Latin American area. Methods: longitudinal, bibliographical, retrospective study based on the analysis of the responsibility of articles of 33 nursing magazines from the Spanish and Portuguese linguistic area. In order to research the international nature of the publications, a double criterion was used simultaneously: the international contribution, that is, the publication of articles from foreign authors; and the CUIDEN® Immediate Repercussion (Rci) for the year of study, understood as an indicator of the present and visible consumption that an international community does of a scientific magazine. Results: The index of international contribution was 6%, with a group of 14 magazines without contribution and a nucleus of seven magazines with an equal value or over 15%. Three magazines achieved the double criterion to consider its international nature: Index de Enfermería, Desarrollo Científico de Enfermería y Gerokomos, although it is possible to de- fine a nucleus with a greater scope. Conclusions: None of the 33 magazines has a universal scope in the Latin American area, neither from a consumption point of view, nor its quotation or the international contribution. A small nucleus of magazines can be defined for the year 2002 with international nature for the area of study: Index de Enfermería (Esp), Investigación y Educación en Enfermería (Col), Gerokomos (Esp), Desarrollo Científico de Enfermería (Méx), Revista de Enfermería del IMSS (Méx). Ii is obvious, nevertheless, the immaturity of the Latin American area from the international contribution point of vie