Survey on the use of premix insulin analogues in diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 in Mexico [Encuesta sobre el uso de premezclas de an�logos de insulinas en pacientes con diabetes en M�xico]

Background: There are several publications related to the use of premixed insulin analogs in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus, however, there was no information about its use in the Mexican clinical practice. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted to 48 physicians experts in Diabetes Mellitus. They were endocrinologists (62%), Internists (32) and diabetologists (6%). Results: Twenty-four percent of the specialists pointed out that more than half of the patients who consult by the first time do not respond to treatment with oral hypoglycemic medication. A high number of patients treated with insulin reach glycemic control goals. Most of the experts treat more than half of their patients with insulin. Sixty-six percent of the experts use premixed insulin analogs in their patients with type 1 Diabetes, and a high percentage use them in type 2 Diabetes. Most of the expert physicians recommend the use of premixed insulin analogs as the first line treatment in their patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Conclusions: Premixed insulin analogs are widely accepted by patients because they offer a complete coverage of their metabolic requirements, reducing the number of daily injections. In type 1 Diabetes, premixed insulin analogs will be used to improve metabolic control and to strengthen compliance. This document describes the use of premixed insulin analogs in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico

Survey on the use of premix insulin analogues in diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 in Mexico [Encuesta sobre el uso de premezclas de análogos de insulinas en pacientes con diabetes en México]

Background: There are several publications related to the use of premixed insulin analogs in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus, however, there was no information about its use in the Mexican clinical practice. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted to 48 physicians experts in Diabetes Mellitus. They were endocrinologists (62%), Internists (32) and diabetologists (6%). Results: Twenty-four percent of the specialists pointed out that more than half of the patients who consult by the first time do not respond to treatment with oral hypoglycemic medication. A high number of patients treated with insulin reach glycemic control goals. Most of the experts treat more than half of their patients with insulin. Sixty-six percent of the experts use premixed insulin analogs in their patients with type 1 Diabetes, and a high percentage use them in type 2 Diabetes. Most of the expert physicians recommend the use of premixed insulin analogs as the first line treatment in their patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Conclusions: Premixed insulin analogs are widely accepted by patients because they offer a complete coverage of their metabolic requirements, reducing the number of daily injections. In type 1 Diabetes, premixed insulin analogs will be used to improve metabolic control and to strengthen compliance. This document describes the use of premixed insulin analogs in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico

Hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine regulate the adaptive response to fasting

There has been an intense focus to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which fasting triggers the adaptive cellular responses in the major organs of the body. Here, we show that in mice, hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)—the principal methyl donor—acts as a metabolic sensor of nutrition to fine-tune the catabolic-fasting response by modulating phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) activity, endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts, β-oxidation, and ATP production in the liver, together with FGF21-mediated lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Notably, we show that glucagon induces the expression of the hepatic SAMe-synthesizing enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase α1 (MAT1A), which translocates to mitochondria-associated membranes. This leads to the production of this metabolite at these sites, which acts as a brake to prevent excessive β-oxidation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis and thereby endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver injury. This work provides important insights into the previously undescribed function of SAMe as a new arm of the metabolic adaptation to fasting

Hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine regulate the adaptive response to fasting

There has been an intense focus to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which fasting triggers the adaptive cellular responses in the major organs of the body. Here, we show that in mice, hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)—the principal methyl donor—acts as a metabolic sensor of nutrition to fine-tune the catabolic-fasting response by modulating phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) activity, endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts, β-oxidation, and ATP production in the liver, together with FGF21-mediated lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Notably, we show that glucagon induces the expression of the hepatic SAMe-synthesizing enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase α1 (MAT1A), which translocates to mitochondria-associated membranes. This leads to the production of this metabolite at these sites, which acts as a brake to prevent excessive β-oxidation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis and thereby endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver injury. This work provides important insights into the previously undescribed function of SAMe as a new arm of the metabolic adaptation to fasting