Efecto de la labranza y duración de las praderas sobre la condición física de un suelo argiudol vertico de Argentina

Physical properties were studied in a Vertic Argiudol, Argentine, in pastures of 1.5, 2.5 and 4.5 years old after three years of cultivation with conventional (moulboard plough) and vertical (chisel plough) tillage systems. The prairies were formed with 12 kg of Medicago sativa L., 3 kg of Festuca arundinacea Schreb, 0.5 kg of Trifolium repens L. y 3 kg of Bromus unioloides Vahl. The crops were soybean (Glycine max Merr.), corn (Zea mays L.) y wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / soybean. The following properties were evaluated: size of aggregates, bulk density, textural bulk density, structural stability, Henin K percolation and total organic carbon, to the depth 0-20 cm. The porosity systems were calculated: total, structural and textural and the relationship among them was established. The physical edafic state was influenced by the duration of the praries and tillage systems. Principal components analysis was the most useful for evaluating the effect of management on the physical condition of soil.En la pampa ondulada (Argentina) se estudiaron las modificaciones en las propiedades físicas de un Argiudol Vértico originadas por el uso agrícola bajo los sistemas de labranza convencional y vertical, en sitios provenientes de praderas polifíticas de diferente duración. La experiencia se realizó durante el período 1995-1998 en pasturas de 1,5; 2,5 y 4,5 años de duración con una densidad de siembra de 12 kg de Medicago sativa, 3 kg de Festuca arundinacea, 0,5 kg de Trifolium repens y 3 kg de Bromus unioloides. Se evaluaron tamaño de agregados, densidad aparente, densidad aparente textural, índice S y K de Henin y carbono orgánico total, a la profundidad 0-20 cm. Se calculó el sistema de porosidad: total, estructural y textural y se relacionó el suelo en uso agrícola-ganadero con uno inalterado. El estado físico del suelo estuvo influenciado tanto por la edad de la pastura como por el sistema de laboreo empleado para su roturación. La caracterización del estado físico a partir de las variables consideradas permitió reconocer diferencias entre las situaciones planteadas. Componentes principales dentro de los análisis multivariado utilizados resultó satisfactorio para evaluar los efectos del manejo sobre la condición física del suelo

Effect of Climatic Factors on the Plant Population Dynamics in Temperate Pasture Implantation

The objective of this experiment was to determine the environmental influence on seedling emergence of alfalfa and fescue in mixture. We hypothesized that the temperature and precipitation data could be used to estimate field emergence of alfalfa and fescue. A field trial was carried out at Zavalla, Argentina and consisted of sowing a tall fescue – alfalfa mixture at different seeding date (March, April and June). Relationships between the range of temperature, rainfalls and alfalfa and fescue seedling emergence were described by linear regression models. Patterns of emergence and death of alfalfa and fescue seedling were found in the different sowing dates. The measurements performed in other mixed pastures on the area were used to adjust the models. Historical series (1973-1999) of temperature and rainfall data were used to verify the obtained models. The r2 of the correlation between predicted and observed demographic curves of the species was 64 to 97%. The species studied presented varied situations in the phase of emergency and death. When they were sowed in different dates, the April sowing generated an appropriate composition of the mixture. The application of models based on meteorological factors that explain the demographic variations of a forage mixture will allow to plan sowing strategies and to predict the structure of the resulting pastures

Análisis para la optimización de la logística granaria del norte argentino mediante sistemas de información geográfica

Este análisis contempla la compleja problemática de transporte y logística desde un enfoque espacial y restringido a un sector del territorio nacional. El objetivo fue determinar áreas de conveniencia de transporte de granos en base a los mínimos costos energéticos y económicos, contemplando las variables de cantidad y localización de la producción, la existencia y accesibilidad a puntos de carga, rutas y ferrocarril. Por medios computacionales, se simuló el transporte de granos de soja de la campaña 2007/2008 para las provincias de Catamarca, Chaco, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero y Tucumán. Se evaluaron dos sistemas de transporte, tren y camión, y un tercero en parte (barcazas) y cuatro puertos destino (Antofagasta, Formosa, Barranqueras y Rosario). Se analizaron bases de datos y bibliografía y se empleó un software específico para centralizar y posicionar geográficamente toda la información obtenida respecto a la producción de soja en la región y a las redes de transporte hacia los puertos. Los resultados mostraron que prácticamente en toda el área analizada, es el ferrocarril el medio más eficiente para transportar el grano de soja desde el sitio de producción hasta los puertos involucrados en el estudio, tanto en términos económicos como energéticos. Asimismo, si en los recorridos analizados se tiene en cuenta al transporte más eficiente, los puertos de Barranqueras, Formosa y Rosario resultaron ser más convenientes en general, que Antofagasta, en el sentido de derivar la producción a ellos

Influence of soil degradation on development of aerial parts and roots of a legume-grass associated pasture

A study was conducted on the effects of two states of soil degradation (E1 more and E2 less) on the establishment of a pasture association of Festuca arundinacea and Mendicago sativa in an Argiudol vertic soil of Argentina. In the surface horizon the characteristics measured were organic carbon, structural instability (S index), apparent density, and mechanical resistance (penetrameter). Evolution of the structural variables of the pasture was studied and at 120 days postseeding, measurements were taken of ground cover represented by weeds and aerial forage phytomass; and in the roots of a sampling of 40 plants of each species, dry weight, length, and diameter. In soil E1 there was a significant reduction in the stand and plant height of alfalfa, whereas the number of fescue bunches increased, but total production of aerial dry matter declined (P<.05). In roots of the 40-test-plant samples there were differences between soils in the morphological characteristics, length, and distribution of diameters. Total root length was highly correlated with the S index and organic carbon content of the soil (r = -0.85, P<.07 and r = 0.75, P<.10, respectively). Apparent density of soil E1 was most closely associated with fescue roots of 2 mm diameter (r = 0.70, P<.15). The latter soil property and resistance to penetration correlated positively with area in weed cover (r = 0.45, P<.05 and r = 0.48, P<.001) in soil E1. Soil condition did affect establishment of the pasture, limiting the development of aerial parts and roots of the constituent species, especially alfalfa, under the most degraded conditions

Incorporation of anti-PD1 or anti PD-L1 agents to platinum-based chemotherapy for the primary treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. A meta-analysis

Importance: Various randomized trials have explored the efficacy of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with first-line chemotherapy in advanced endometrial cancer. We aimed to summarize available data and clarify the benefit of adding immunotherapy according to the DNA mismatch repair status (deficient, dMMR or proficient, pMMR) and the specific type of agent used (anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1). Objective: To assess whether the addition of ICIs to standard platinum-based chemotherapy enhances progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with advanced endometrial cancer both overall and based on DNA mismatch repair status. Data sources: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) and conference proceedings were searched for first line, randomized and controlled trials integrating ICIs with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer published or presented by November 1, 2023. Study selection: Five studies, comprising 2456 patients (1308 received ICIs with chemotherapy and 1148 treated with chemotherapy alone) met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Experimental arms included pembrolizumab, dostarlimab (anti-PD1) and durvalumab, atezolizumab and avelumab (anti-PD-L1) combined with standard three-weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy backbone. Endometrial carcinosarcoma were included in 3 out of 5 trials. Data extraction and synthesis: For comparison of PFS outcomes, extrapolation of hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and PFS events was performed for each included study in the overall population and according to subgroups. Data analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: The addition of ICIs to chemotherapy improved PFS compared to chemotherapy alone in the overall population (pooled HR, 0.63; 95 % CI, 0.52––0.76; P <.001). In the dMMR subgroup the benefit was more pronounced (pooled HR, 0.34; 95 % CI, 0.27––0.44; P <.001) and not affected by drugs used with pooled HRs of 0.39 (95 % CI, 0.28––0.55; P <.001) and 0.34 (95 % CI, 0.27––0.44; P <.001) for PD-L1 and PD1 inhibitors, respectively. For pMMR patients, a statistically significant benefit in terms of PFS was confirmed only when anti-PD1 were used (anti-PD-1: HR 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.46–0.90, P =.010 vs anti-PD-L1: HR 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.73–1.03, P =.104) Conclusions and relevance: This meta-analysis confirmed the advantage in terms of PFS of adding ICIs to standard platinum-based chemotherapy. While dMMR patients benefit from the incorporation of both anti PD-1 or anti PD-L1, this benefit is confined to the association of anti-PD1 agents in pMMR patients. Updated analysis of trials is awaited to clarify the impact of immunotherapy on overall survival

The global burden of cancer 2013 global burden of disease cancer collaboration

Importance Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies. Objective To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013. Evidence Review The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. Findings In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries. Conclusions and Relevance Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation

TAS2R38 bitter taste genotype is associated with complementary feeding behavior in infants

Background: Genetically mediated sensitivity to bitter taste has been associated with food preferences and eating behavior in adults and children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between TAS2R38 bitter taste genotype and the first complementary food acceptance in infants. Parents of healthy, breastfed, term-born infants were instructed, at discharge from the nursery, to feed their baby with a first complementary meal of 150 mL at 4 to 6 months of age. They recorded the day when the child ate the whole meal in a questionnaire. Additional data included food composition, breastfeeding duration, feeding practices, and growth at 6 months. Infants' TAS2R38 genotypes were determined at birth, and infants were classified as "bitter-insensitive" (genotype AVI/AVI) and "bitter-sensitive" (genotypes AVI/PAV or PAV/PAV). Results: One hundred seventy-six infants and their mothers were enrolled; completed data were available for 131/176 (74.4%) infants (gestational age 39.3 \ub1 1.1 weeks, birth weight 3390 \ub1 430 g). Bitter-insensitive were 45/131 (34.3%), and bitter-sensitive were 86/131 (65.6%). Thirty-one percent of bitter-insensitive infants consumed the whole complementary meal at first attempt, versus 13% of bitter-sensitive ones (p = 0.006). This difference was significant independently of confounding variables such as sex, breastfeeding, or foods used in the meal. Growth at 6 months did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Differences in TAS2R38 bitter taste gene were associated with acceptance of the first complementary food in infants, suggesting a possible involvement in eating behavior at weaning

Real world clinical outcomes from targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) during lumpectomy for breast cancer: data from a large cohort at a national cancer institute

Introduction: Randomised evidence supports the use of partial breast irradiation (PBI) with targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) for early stage breast cancer, but prospective data from real-world adoption of this technique is also important. The aim of this study was to determine if the outcome reported in TARGIT-A trial could be replicated in large cohort of early stage breast cancer treated with TARGIT-IORT. Methods: This prospective observational study analysed all patients treated with TARGIT-IORT between 2004 and 2021 in a single national cancer institute. TARGIT-IORT during lumpectomy was performed according to the risk-adapted TARGIT-A protocol using the Intrabeam® device. We analysed the completeness of follow up, 5-year in-breast-tumour-recurrence (IBTR), long term local recurrence free survival, distant disease-free survival, overall survival and breast-cancer-related survival, using the Kaplan-Meier method. A covariate analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for IBTR. We also analysed high grade toxicity events. Results: The study included 814 patients and the a median follow up was 72 months. The majority of patients (60.3%) received TARGIT-IORT as PBI modality (“exclusive IORT” group); 39.7% received additional EBRT. There was no significant difference between the 5 years IBTR for the whole study population and the “exclusive IORT” cohort (1.6% (95%CI=1.1-2.1%) and 2.5% (95%CI=1.7%-3.3%) respectively). 5 years overall survival and tumour related survival were >95%. In 21% of patients with recurrence, breast was preserved. Radiotherapy toxicity (CTCAE Grade>2) was very rare (0.9%). Conclusions: This large single institute study found that breast cancer control and survival outcomes with TARGIT-IORT were consistent with TARGIT-A trial results. This “real world” experience confirmed that the randomised evidence showing the value of TARGIT-IORT as partial breast irradiation modality that can be replicated in routine clinical practice

Atypical onset as predictor of poor outcome in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (pSLE)

Poster Presentation

Videogame playing as distraction technique in course of venipuncture.

Background: needle-related procedures (venipuncture, intravenous cannulation) are the most common source of pain and distress for children. reducing needle related pain and anxiety could be important in order to prevent further distress, especially for children needing multiple hospital admissions. the aim of the present open randomized controlled trial was to investigate the efficacy of adding an active distraction strategy (videogame) to eMlA premedication in needle-related pain in children. Methods: one-hundred and nine children (4 -10 years of age) were prospectively recruited to enter in the study. ninety-seven were randomized in two groups: CC group (conventional care: eMlA only) as control group and Ad group (active distraction: eMlA plus videogame) as intervention group. outcome measures were: selfreported pain by mean of FPS-r scale (main study outcome), observer-reported pain by FlACC scale, number of attempts for successful procedure. Results: in both groups FPS-r median rate was 0 (interquartile range: 0-2), with significant pain (FPS-r>4) reported by 9% of subjects. FlACC median rate was 1 in both groups (interquartile range 0-3 in CC group; 0-2 in Ad group). the percentage of children with major pain (FlACC>4) was 18% in CC group and 9% in Ad group (p=0.2). the median of necessary attempts to succeed in the procedures was 1 (interquartile range 1-2) in both groups.. Conclusion: Active distraction doesn't improve eMlA analgesia for iv cannulation and venipuncture. even though, it resulted in an easily applicable strategy appreciated by children. this technique could be usefully investigated in other painful procedures