Nonexistence results for semilinear elliptic equations on weighted graphs

We study semilinear elliptic inequalities with a potential on infinite graphs. Given a distance on the graph, we assume an upper bound on its Laplacian, and a growth condition on a suitable weighted volume of balls. Under such hypotheses, we prove that the problem does not admit any nonnegative nontrivial solution. We also show that our conditions are optimal

Lamivudine, Doravirine, and Cabotegravir Downregulate the Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), Inhibit Cell Growth, and Reduce Invasive Capability in Melanoma Cell Lines

This study explores the impact of antiretroviral administration on the expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), cell growth, and invasive capability of human melanoma cell lines in culture. We investigated three antiretrovirals-lamivudine, doravirine, and cabotegravir-in A375, FO-1, and SK-Mel-28, BRAF-mutated, and in MeWo, P53-mutated, melanoma cell lines. The findings indicate a general capability of these drugs to downregulate the expression of HERV-K Pol and Env genes and hinder cell viability, mobility, and colony formation capacity of melanoma cells. The antiretroviral drugs also demonstrate selectivity against malignant cells, sparing normal human epithelial melanocytes. The study reveals that the integrase inhibitor cabotegravir is particularly effective in inhibiting cell growth and invasion across different cell lines in comparison with lamivudine and doravirine, which are inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme. The investigation further delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects, highlighting the potential induction of ferroptosis, apoptosis, and alterations in cell cycle regulatory proteins. Our findings showed cytostatic effects principally revealed in A375, and SK-Mel-28 cell lines through a downregulation of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and/or cyclin D1 expression. Signs of ferroptosis were detected in both A375 cells and FO-1 cells by a decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferritin expression, as well as by an increase in transferrin protein levels. Apoptosis was also detected in FO-1 and SK-Mel-28, but only with cabotegravir treatment. Moreover, we explored the expression and activity of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Both the STING activity and PD-L1 expression were decreased, suggesting that the antiretroviral treatments may counteract the detrimental effects of PD-L1 expression activation through the STING/interferon pathway triggered by HERV-K. Finally, this study underscores the potential therapeutic significance of cabotegravir in melanoma treatment. The findings also raise the prospect of using antiretroviral drugs to downregulate PD-L1 expression, potentially enhancing the therapeutic responses of immune checkpoint inhibitors

The Role of Uric Acid in Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndromes.

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of the catabolism of endogenous and exogenous purine nucleotides. While its association with articular gout and kidney disease has been known for a long time, new data have demonstrated that UA is also related to cardiovascular (CV) diseases. UA has been identified as a significant determinant of many different outcomes, such as all-cause and CV mortality, and also of CV events (mainly Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) and even strokes). Furthermore, UA has been related to the development of Heart Failure, and to a higher mortality in decompensated patients, as well as to the onset of atrial fibrillation. After a brief introduction on the general role of UA in CV disorders, this review will be focused on UA's relationship with CV outcomes, as well as on the specific features of patients with ACS and Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Finally, two issues which remain open will be discussed: the first is about the identification of a CV UA cut-off value, while the second concerns the possibility that the pharmacological reduction of UA is able to lower the incidence of CV events

Candida albicans Osteomyelitis Pubis: The Possible Pathogenic Role of Pelvic Irradiation

Radiation to the pelvis, mainly directed against either prostatic or gynecologic cancers, is burdened by a lot of complications. The genitourinary tract is most frequently involved, presenting with bladder irritation, incontinence, and fertility disorders. However, side effects of radiation can also affect the bone, usually causing an osteolytic process which deteriorates the bone structure and leads to fractures, avascular necrosis, and other pathological insults. Here, we describe a case of Candida albicans osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis as late complication of pelvic radiotherapy performed against prostate cancer

Brain Abscesses Caused by Nocardia paucivorans in a Multiple Myeloma Patient Treated with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone: a Case Report and Review of Literature

6noWe report the first case of multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia paucivorans in a patient suffering from multiple myeloma on treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. N. paucivorans is a recently described species of the genus Nocardia, which is supposed to have a heightened neurotropism in cases of disseminated infection. Although nocardiosis itself is an uncommon infectious complication in multiple myeloma so far, nocardial brain abscess should be added to the spectrum of adverse effects due to this novel chemotherapy regimen.openopenMonticelli, Jacopo; Luzzati, Roberto; Maurel, Cristina; Rosin, Chiara; Valentinotti, Romina; Farina, ClaudioMonticelli, Jacopo; Luzzati, Roberto; Maurel, Cristina; Rosin, Chiara; Valentinotti, Romina; Farina, Claudi

A Luetic Cauda Equina Meningoradiculitis Mimicking a Central Nervous System Lymphoma

We report a case of peculiar neurosyphilis, initially misinterpreted as a lymphoproliferative disorder. This is also the first report to evaluate the utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in spinal cord syphilis. Cauda equina radiculitis is a rare manifestation of neurosyphilis whose diagnosis can be supported by the typical syphilitic exanthema

Evaluation and Management of Lower-Extremity Ulcers

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Clinical management of non-faecium non-faecalis vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection. Focus on Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens

Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens are enterococci intrinsically resistant to vancomycin belonging to the E. gallinarum group. They are responsible mainly for healthcare-associated infections, in particular bloodstream, urinary tract and surgical wound infections. Diseases due to these bacteria are significantly increasing worldwide, as they are prone to cause infection in patients with concurrent hepatobiliary or oncohematological disorders. Along with their distinguishing vancomycin resistance, due to a chromosomally-encoded VanC operon, their additional intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics other than glycopeptides limits the therapeutic choices. In addition, their intrinsic vancomycin resistance, unlike the vancomycin resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium caused by transmissible plasmids, poses different infection control issues. We focused on the therapeutic and infection control issues of clinical syndromes caused by E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus/flavescens. We propose therapeutic algorithms on bloodstream infections, endocarditis, central nervous system infections, endophthalmitis and urinary tract infections. The implementation of infection control measures in cases of E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus/flavescens infection or colonization should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, especially for epidemic outbreaks or for isolates supposed to harbor a potential transmissible vancomycin-resistance phenotype