Building for the arts

This article in The Architectural Forum's Jan/Feb 1970 issue covers CCAC's Oakland campus with a discussion of the Founder's Hall and Martinez Hall buildings

Interpreting Gentrification Case Studies: A Perspective

The two case studies in this volume and one in the previous volume of this journal treat a current manifestation of urban crisis that carries the catchy and now familiar name gentrification

Public Policy and Innovation: Two Cases

Two fertile fields for research on the relationships between public policies and innovation are transportation and environmental protection. In both cases, numerous policy instruments having different purposes, some of which are unrelated to the rate and direction of technological change, have been brought to bear on a rather diverse collection of related industries, some regulated relatively heavily and others subject to only a few administrative controls. Unfortunately, relatively few studies of the effect of transportation or environmental policy actions on innovation have been undertaken, and apparently no comprehensive study has ever been made in either area of how policies interact or how their impact differs according to such factors as market concentration or extent of regulation

The generalized Ekman model for the tropical cyclone boundary layer revisited: Addendum

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4012Motivated by prior research examining the myth of inertial stability as a radial restoring force in the tropical cyclone boundary layer, we explore factors deter mining the vertical velocity at the top of the linear vortex boundary layer. Possible applications of these findings to mature tropical cyclone vortices are discussed briefly.NSFONRAGS-1313948 and IAA-1656075N0001417WX 00336,U.S. Naval Postgraduate Schoo

A unified view of tropical cyclogenesis and intensification

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological SocietyThe article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.2934Idealized high-resolution numerical simulations of tropical cyclogenesis are presented in a model that represents deep convection by a warm rain process only. Starting with an initially weak, cloud-free, axisymmetric warm-cored vortex (maximum wind speed 5 m s−1 at a radius of 100 km), rapid vortex intensification begins after a gestation period on the order of 2 days. From a three-dimensional perspective, the genesis process is similar to that in the rotating convection paradigm for vortex intensification starting with a much stronger initial vortex (Vmax = 15 m s−1). The patterns of deep convection and convectively amplified cyclonic relative vorticity are far from axisymmetric during the genesis period. Moreover, the organization of the cyclonic relative vorticity into a monopole structure occurs at relatively low wind speeds, before the maximum local wind speed has increased appreciably. Barotropic processes are shown to play an important role in helping to consolidate a single-signed vorticity monopole within a few hours near the intensification begin time. The rotating convection paradigm appears adequate to explain the basic genesis process within the weak initial vortex, providing strong support for a hypothesis of Montgomery and Smith that the genesis process is not fundamentally different from that of vortex intensification. In particular, genesis does not require a ‘trigger’ and does not depend on the prior existence of a mid-level vortex.Funded by Naval Postgraduate SchoolOffice of Naval Research GlobalNOAA HFIPNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNational Science Foundatio

The effect of a segmental, localized lower limb cooling protocol on muscular strength and balance

The human neuromuscular system is susceptible to changes within the thermal environment. Cold extrinsic temperatures can significantly reduce muscle and nervous system function and communication, which can have consequences for motor performance. A repeated measures design protocol exposed participants to a 12°C cold water immersion (CWI) up to the ankle, knee, and hip to determine the effect that reduced skin and muscle temperature had on balance and strength task execution. Although a linear reduction in the ability to perform balance tasks was seen from the control condition through to the hip CWI, results from the study indicated a significant reduction in dynamic balance (Star Excursion Balance Test reach distance) performance from only the hip CWI (P<0.05). This reduced performance could have been due to an increase in joint stiffness, increased agonist-antagonist co-contraction, and/or reduced isokinetic muscular strength. Reduced physical performance due to cold temperature could negatively impact outdoor recreational athletics

Raman-Active Resonance Modes, Overtones, and Anharmonicity in NaCl:Cu\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e

The existence of an impurity-activated Eg resonance mode in NaCl:Cu+ has been suggested by several previous experiments. Raman data presented here reveal this resonance directly and also reveal the three components of the first overtone of the 23.5-cm-1 infrared resonance mode. The frequencies of the Eg resonance and the Eg component of the overtone are shifted as a result of a strong anharmonic coupling. Their line shapes and strengths are considerably altered by an interference between the Raman amplitudes. A reasonable fit to the data has been obtained using a simple theory

An Observational Study of Tropical Cyclone Spinup in Supertyphoon Jangmi (2008) from 24 to 27 September

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00306.1An observational study of tropical cyclone intensification is performed using dropsondes, in situ flight-level data, satellite imagery, and Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) during the spinup of Tropical Storm Jangmi (2008) in the western North Pacific. This event was observed with research aircraft during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field experiment over the course of 3 days as Jangmi intensified rapidly from a tropical storm to a supertyphoon. The dropsonde analysis indicates that the peak azimuthally averaged storm-relative tangential wind speed occurs persistently within the boundary layer throughout the spinup period and suggests that significant supergradient winds are present near and just within the radius of maximum tangential winds. An examination of the ELDORA data in Tropical Storm Jangmi reveals multiple rotating updrafts near the developing eye beneath cold cloud top temperatures ≤ -65°C. In particular, there is a 12-km-wide, upright updraft with a peak velocity of 9m s¯¹ with collocated strong low-level (z < 2 km) convergence of 2 x 10¯³ s¯¹ and intense relative vorticity of 4 x 10¯³ s¯¹. The analysis of the corresponding infrared satellite imagery suggests that vortical updrafts are common before and during rapid intensification. The findings of this study support a recent paradigm of tropical cyclone intensification in which rotating convective clouds are important elements in the spinup process. In a system-scale view of this process, the maximum tangential wind is found within the boundary layer, where the tangential wind becomes supergradient before the air ascends into the eyewall updraft.Naval Postgraduate SchoolOffice of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129),National Science FoundationOffice of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129