Reduction, Symmetry and Phases in Mechanics

Various holonomy phenomena are shown to be instances of the reconstruction procedure for mechanical systems with symmetry. We systematically exploit this point of view for fixed systems (for example with controls on the internal, or reduced, variables) and for slowly moving systems in an adiabatic context. For the latter, we obtain the phases as the holonomy for a connection which synthesizes the Cartan connection for moving mechanical systems with the Hannay-Berry connection for integrable systems. This synthesis allows one to treat in a natural way examples like the ball in the slowly rotating hoop and also non-integrable mechanical systems

Chow's theorem and universal holonomic quantum computation

A theorem from control theory relating the Lie algebra generated by vector fields on a manifold to the controllability of the dynamical system is shown to apply to Holonomic Quantum Computation. Conditions for deriving the holonomy algebra are presented by taking covariant derivatives of the curvature associated to a non-Abelian gauge connection. When applied to the Optical Holonomic Computer, these conditions determine that the holonomy group of the two-qubit interaction model contains $SU(2) \times SU(2)$. In particular, a universal two-qubit logic gate is attainable for this model.Comment: 13 page

Important factors in the maximum likelihood analysis of flight test maneuvers

The information presented is based on the experience in the past 12 years at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center of estimating stability and control derivatives from over 3500 maneuvers from 32 aircraft. The overall approach to the analysis of dynamic flight test data is outlined. General requirements for data and instrumentation are discussed and several examples of the types of problems that may be encountered are presented

CONSUMER USE OF NUTRITION LABELS ON PACKAGED MEATS

Consumer perceptions of the importance of nutritional labeling of fresh meats and knowledge of nutritional terms have been presented in the Journal of Food Distribution Research (Piedra, et al 1995). This article presents follow up information on consumer reported uses of nutritional labels on packaged meats and the specific nutrients that the consumers check for on packaged meats. The results indicate that consumers use nutrition labels to check for desirable dietary components and to compare nutrient content among meats as well as to check for the presence of undesirable dietary components in packaged meats.Consumer/Household Economics,

HOUSEHOLD PERCEPTIONS OF THE NUTRITIONAL LABELING OF MEATS

Previous research on the relationship between diet and health has increased consumer interest in the nutritional content of specific foods. Federal programs, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and The Food Pyramid, have had similar impacts. A 1994 mail survey of 3,080 Louisiana households in eight rural and urban parishes examined consumer awareness of the nutritional labeling of fresh meats and its importance. Rural respondents placed more emphasis on nutritional labeling than did urban respondents. The respondents also ranked three descriptive terms (lean, extra lean and low fat) for fat content as defined by the USDA. Eighteen percent of households ranked them correctly with white households displaying better ranking capability. These results tend to justify an earlier decision by Congress to implement legislation covering the nutritional labeling of fresh meats.Consumer/Household Economics,

Overcoming the su(2^n) sufficient condition for the coherent control of n-qubit systems

We study quantum systems with even numbers N of levels that are completely state-controlled by unitary transformations generated by Lie algebras isomorphic to sp(N) of dimension N(N+1)/2. These Lie algebras are smaller than the respective su(N) with dimension N^2-1. We show that this reduction constrains the Hamiltonian to have symmetric energy levels. An example of such a system is an n-qubit system. Using a geometric representation for the quantum wave function of a finite system, we present an explicit example that shows a two-qubit system can be controlled by the elements of the Lie algebra sp(4) (isomorphic to spin(5) and so(5)) with dimension ten rather than su(4) with dimension fifteen. These results enable one to envision more efficient algorithms for the design of fields for quantum-state engineering, and they provide more insight into the fundamental structure of quantum control.Comment: 13 pp., 2 figure

Contribution to the question of the equatorial counter current

The question of the dynamics of the equatorial counter currents of the several oceans was scarcely brought nearer solution by the research of recent years. The attempt of Sverdrup (1932), which Defant (1935) has further pursued, to explain the counter current as a result of the asymmetry about the equator of the westward-flowing north and south equatorial currents, does not suffice. This may be shown by the following short exposition

High sensitivity operation of discrete solid state detectors at 4 K

Techniques are described to allow operation of discrete, solid state detectors at 4 K with optimized JFET amplifiers. Three detector types cover the 0.6 to 4 mm spectral range with NEP approximately equal to 10 to the 16th power Hz (-1/2) for two of the types and potential improvement to this performance for the third. Lower NEP's are anticipated at longer infrared wavelengths

Fog Seal Performance on Asphalt Mixture Longitudinal Joints

Due to the nature of construction, it is common for longitudinal joints in asphalt pavements to have lower densities and higher permeabilities than the main portions of the pavement lanes. To address this concern, many states employ joint sealant techniques such as fog seals or void reducing asphalt membranes (VRAM). Qualitative evidence in Indiana appears to indicate that longitudinal joint lives have been improved by the use of joint sealers and adhesives, but the specific materials and application rates used to treat longitudinal joints has not been quantitatively investigated. This research aims to specifically investigate the fog seal materials and application rates specified for use on longitudinal joints in Indiana and to compare the performance of fog seal and VRAM treatments in order to provide guidelines for future joint sealant treatments. These objectives were accomplished by employing laboratory testing of both laboratory prepared specimens and field samples. The research performed on the laboratory specimens found the application of fog seals can improve the performance of the longitudinal joints with respect to permeability. While the permeability was affected by the presence of a fog seal treatment, the benefits were irrespective of the specific fog seal material. The results also indicate that the fog seal should be reapplied at 5-7 year intervals. The data from the field samples indicated that the VRAM samples had on average higher air void contents than did the SS-1h fog seal samples. Additionally, the VRAM samples had permeability coefficients that were statistically higher than the SS-1h fog seal samples. These differences may be attributable to the lack of VRAM migration up into the asphalt surface mixture. While the SS-1h fog seal treatment appears to have better performance than the VRAM, the effectiveness of the treatments over time is not known