6 research outputs found

    Estudo de coadjuvantes oriundos de matérias primas renováveis no processo de polimerização térmica de óleos e gorduras

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    Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2019.A busca por alternativas renováveis para a substituição de insumos derivados de petróleo levou ao desenvolvimento de uma metodologia industrialmente utilizada para transformar óleos vegetais (OVs) em veículos para tintas de impressão offset. Entretanto, existe muito espaço para a otimização desse processo. Nesse contexto, este trabalho estudou o uso de cinco derivados de lipídeos - óleo de mamona (OM), óleo de chicha (OC), óleo de canola epoxidado (OCE), o líquido da castanha de caju (LCC) e o ácido graxo de óleo de soja (AG) - como possíveis coadjuvantes no processo de polimerização do óleo de soja. As reações foram conduzidas sob atmosfera inerte e agitação nas temperaturas de 260, 300 e 330 °C utilizando 5% (m/m) de coadjuvante e seus produtos foram comparados aos obtidos utilizando apenas óleo de soja no meio reacional. Os polímeros obtidos foram analisados por IVTF e quanto a sua acidez e viscosidade. O resultado das análises sugeriram que: (i) Os diferentes coadjuvantes promoveram o mesmo tipo de reação; (ii) O aumento de viscosidade se dá majoritariamente por reações radicalares; (iii) A eficiência dos coadjuvantes está diretamente ligada à sua capacidade de formar radicais; e (iv) A presença de ácidos graxos livres no meio inibe o aumento da viscosidade do polímero obtido a 330 °C. Apesar de, com a exceção do AG a 330 °C, todos os coadjuvantes terem apresentado aumento na viscosidade do produto obtido, os melhores resultados em todas as condições foi obtido pelo LCC, indicando que este derivado de OV tem potencial para uso nestes tipos de reação.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).The search for renewable alternatives to replace fossil feedstock lead to the development of an industrial methodology to turn vegetable oils (VOs) in binders for offset impression ink. However, this process still has plenty of room for improvement. On this intent, this work studied the effects of five VOs byproducts – Castor oil (OM), Chicha oil (OC), epoxidized canola oil (OCE), the liquid from cashew nut (LCC) and the fatty acids from soybean oil (AG)- as possible “support actors” (SAs) on the polymerization of soybean oil. The reactions were conducted under inert atmosphere and mechanical stirring at the temperatures of 260, 300 and 330 °C with the SAs being present in 5% mass fraction. The reaction products were compared to the ones achieved with pure soybean oil. The polymers were analyzed by FTIR and regarding their acidity and viscosity. The data suggests that (i) The diverse SAs promote the same kind of reactions; (ii) The increase in the viscosity is mostly due to free radical reactions; (iii) The efficiency of the SAs is directly tied to their capacity of generate free radicals; and (iv) The presence of carboxylic acids in the reaction media inhibits growing the viscosity of the polymer at 330 °C. Despite that, except for AG at 330 °C, all the SAs promoted some increase on the viscosity of the achieved polymers, LCC was clearly the best of them, hinting that it is a promising prospect for this kind of reactions

    Colorimetric kit for detection of methanol in ethanol fuel for monitoring the quality of fuels

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    A colorimetric kit for methanol detection in ethanol-containing fuels and ease of use in the field was developed and tested. The analysis can detect the presence of methanol in fuels when exceeding specification (0.5% v/v) in about 20 min and its simple instrumentation does not require a specialist. The kit method was successfully validated at gas stations located in São Paulo State and the Federal District

    The use of waste oils and fats to produce high value products : formulation of printing inks involving used frying oils

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    Óleo residual de fritura foi aquecido a 315 ºC na presença de acetato de níquel (II), sendo obtido um polímero viscoso e uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos e compostos orgânicos oxigenados. Obtiveram-se polímeros com viscosidades diversas, dependendo da agitação, fluxo de N2 e do tempo de reação. Os materiais poliméricos foram utilizados como veículo na formulação de tintas de impressão tipo offset, juntamente com carbonato de cálcio e diversos pigmentos. Foram testadas as formulações obtidas para a impressão de gravuras pela técnica de xilogravura, as quais apresentam desempenho semelhante ao de tintas comerciais. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTUsed frying oil was heated at 315 ºC in the presence of nickel (II) acetate, leading to a viscous polymer and a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. Polymers were obtained with different viscosities, depending on the stirring, nitrogen flux and reaction time. The polymeric materials were used as binders in printing ink formulations, together with calcium carbonate and adequate pigments. The prepared formulations were tested to produce gravures by xylograph process, with performance similar to commercial printing inks

    Extraction and characterization of passion fruit and guava oils from industrial residual seeds and their application as biofuels

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    A great diversity of fruits is used in the food industry to obtain different products such as juices, sauces and foods. However, the food industry produces high amounts of residues. Passion fruit and guava are worldwide known fruits and very used by the food industry and generate tons of seed as residue. This work aims to study the extraction of oils from passion fruit and guava juice industries residues, their characterization and potential application as raw materials to obtain biodiesel and bio-oil. The passion fruit and guava seed oils content were 25 and 9%, respectively. In both oils, polyunsaturated fatty acids are predominant. Biodiesel obtained by esterification/transesterification of both seed oils match most of the parameters specified for biodiesel in Brazil. Bio-oils obtained by thermal cracking of the seed oils were mainly composed by hydrocarbons similar to those observed in petroleum diesel

    Characterization and formulation of impression, based upon residual soybean oil

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    Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, 2016.Neste trabalho, uma blenda de óleo de soja refinado e óleo residual de fritura oriundo de residências no distrito federal foi submetido à altas temperaturas em atmosfera inerte, de modo a gerar um material de alta viscosidade constituído de macromoléculas geradas devido a junção de cadeias carbônicas presentes nos óleos. Este biomaterial é tratado com solução comercial de hipoclorito de sódio (SCH), gerando um produto de maior viscosidade e coloração branca. Este novo material foi caracterizado e foi realizado um estudo para analisar qual seria a quantidade ideal da SCH à usada no tratamento. O biomaterial modificado, então, foi utilizado como veículo na confecção de uma tinta voltada ao processo de impressão offset. A tinta gerada apresenta viscosidade adequada e é capaz de imprimir uma imagem quando espalhada na superfície de um tipo móvel, entretanto a tinta apresentou dificuldades para formar um filme de superfície regular quando espalhada, causando alguns problemas na imagem final.In the present work, a mixture of refined soybean oil and waste frying oil collected in residences in Brasília was heated at high temperatures under inert atmosphere in order to produce a high viscosity biomaterials composed mainly by macromolecules formed due to the junction of carbon chains present in the oil. The biomaterial was modified by the addition of bleach and the resulting product has enhanced viscosity and white color. This new material was characterized and studied to figure out the ideal amount of bleach to be used. The modified biomaterial was used as a binder in the formulation of a printing ink intended to be used in the offset printing process. The ink displayed a viscosity suitable for the process and was successfully used to print an image using a type. However, there were problems regarding the capacity of the ink to form thin, regular, films on a generic surface, which lead to some problems on the final printed image
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