TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF FOUR SPECIES OF SENNA Mill. FROM NORTHEAST BRAZIL

Objective: The present investigation evaluated the antioxidant and anticancer properties and total phenolic contents of four species of Senna: S. gardneri, S. macranthera, S. splendida and S. trachypus from northeast Brazil. Methods: Ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of the four Senna species were screened for phytochemical procedures. An in-vitro antioxidant study was conducted by means of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method against the HCT-116, SF-295 and OVCAR-8 cancer cell lines. Total phenolic contents were determined using a Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric assay. Results: Anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, xanthones, and glycosides were detected in all Senna extracts. The results for the antioxidant activity showed that the highest percentage of scavenger radicals was present in the extract from roots of Senna trachypus (StR), which showed higher levels than the two standards used. The highest percentage of inhibition of the cancer cell lines tested was obtained with the leaf extracts of S. gardneri (SgL) and S. splendida (SsL). Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of the four species of Senna showed antioxidant activity in both assays, and this activity can be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and anthraquinones. S. trachypus showed a higher antioxidant potential than the standards, as well as a higher total phenolic content. Only two of the plants showed promising results for anticancer activity

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

TCC 2023.2

Pessoal, todo o material da disciplina de TCC está disponível aqui. Vamos ter uma aula específica para aprender a usar as funcionalidades básicas do OSF VAGAS: https://www.sciencespo.fr/ecole-urbaine/en/ BASE DE DADOS COM TODAS AS TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES DA ÁREA DE CPRI (1987-2021): https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cg5s3jfglJ1rfwRjG9zmSiA6ulE70W9ieubvfkLt3GA/edit#gid=137418095

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field