ACROPOSTITE-FIMOSE EM TOUROS – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA E RELATO DE CASO

A acropostite-fimose em touros se refere ao processo inflamatório da extremidade do prepúcio, afecção que pode resultar em incapacidade reprodutiva e perdas econômicas. Aspectos morfológicos do prepúcio de touros zebuínos (Bos indicus), fazem com que os mesmos sejam mais acometidos que raças taurinas (Bos taurus) e mestiços. O tratamento pode ser conservativo ou cirúrgico, dependendo do grau de comprometimento e cronicidade da lesão. Este trabalho apresenta revisão de literatura sobre acropostite-fimose e descreve o caso de um touro da raça Nelore submetido à postoplastia em “V”. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada demonstrou-se de fácil execução e eficaz em corrigir a afecção. O touro não apresentou complicações pós-operatórias e a atividade reprodutiva foi retomada em 60 dias

Ureteral Stent Placement Using a Double J-Catheter in the Treatment of Ectopic Ureter in a Dog

Background: Ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly in which the final segment of one or both ureteral orifices is located distal to the bladder trigone. It may be classified as intra- or extramural. Surgical treatment of ectopic ureters in dogs is recommended and the approach varies with the classification. In the postoperative period, complications are common. When stenosis of the new ureteral ostium occurs, immediate repeated surgery is recommended. This study aimed at using the double J catheter placement following neoureterostomy to treat urethral obstruction secondary to the surgical treatment of an intramural ectopic ureter in a dog.Case: An 8-month-old female French bulldog with dysuria and urinary incontinence was seen at a private veterinary hospital in Jaboticabal, São Paulo. The patient had previously been diagnosed with an intramural ectopic ureter on the right side following imaging tests (ultrasound, computed tomography, and abdominal radiography, excretory urography) and had undergone neoureterostomy and closure of the intramural pathway approximately a year ago. Ultrasonographic examination showed dilation of the caudal portion of the ureter and hydroureter, which was suggestive of right ureteral stenosis. Computed tomography was also performed to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; an increase in the diameter of the right ureter in its middle portion and close to the bladder triangle was observed. A new surgical intervention was indicated and performed. The ureteral route was identified in a region of the bladder trigone, incised, and probed with a urethral probe No. 04. The intramural course in the proximal urethra was identified and probed with a 16G epidural catheter. It was necessary to perform a neoureterostomy. A longitudinal incision (spatulation) of approximately 5 mm was made in the distal portion of the right ureter to increase the circumference of the anastomosis. The double J 4.7 French (Fr) catheter was inserted through the new ureter ostium into the bladder and advanced into the right kidney in a retrograde manner. Once the proximal end of the double J catheter reached the renal pelvis, the guidewire was withdrawn slowly to allow the catheter to bend in the areas of the renal pelvis and the trigone. The distal end of the double J catheter that extended beyond the bladder lumen was sectioned for better bladder closure. The patient underwent clinical evaluation and laboratory tests (complete blood count and serum creatinine concentration, urine test with bacteriological culture and susceptibility test) 2 weeks after the procedure and, subsequently, every 3 months. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract was performed every 2 months.Discussion: We used a double J catheter in the patient due to a previous obstruction of the ureter ostium after the first surgical procedure. In this way, complications such as postoperative obstructions due to ureteritis and ureteral constriction were avoided and ureteral anastomosis was facilitated. It has been reported that animals subjected to ureteral stent placement have high incidences of dysuria and urinary tract infection, and low incidences of stent migration and occlusion. In this case, no signs of occlusion or obstruction of the implant were identified, but there was a recurrence of urinary tract infections. These frequently cause urethral obstruction associated with the healing of the new ureteral ostium. Patient follow-up and findings associated with the long-term insertion of the double J catheter provide support for the clinical relevance of the present report

A new experimental model of intrinsic denervation in ileum from wistar rats through intramural microinjections of benzalkonium chloride

ABSTRACT: Extensive literature is available about the intrinsic denervation of segments of the digestive tube through the application of CB in the serosa of the viscera. However, this technique has some disadvantages like causing peritonitis, flanges and high mortality, limiting its use in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of benzalkonium chloride (CB) to induce intrinsic chemical denervation, through applications of CB in the intramural ileum of wistar rats, as well as deepen the knowledge about the evolution of neuronal injury caused in the process. We used 40 rats, divided into two groups (control-GC and benzalkonium-GB) of 20 animals each, divided into four sub-groups according to the time of postoperative assessment of 24, 48 hours, 30 and 90 days. The animals were submitted to intramural microinjections of sterile saline solution 0.9% (GC) or benzalkonium chloride (GB) in ileal portion, and subsequent histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for evaluation of neuronal injury. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was found of the neuronal myenteric count over time in groups, GB3, GB4 and GB2. The specific positive immunolabeling for H2AX and Caspase-3 confirmed the results obtained in the histopathological evaluation, denoting the ignition of irreversible cell injury in 24 hours, evolving into neuronal apoptosis in 48 hours after application of the CB 0.3%. Under the conditions in which this work was conducted, it can be concluded that the application of CB 0.3% by means of microinjections intramural in the ileal wall is able to induce intrinsic chemical denervation of the diverticulum of wistar rats and that the main mechanism of neuronal death is induction of apoptosis

Acropostite-fimose em touros - revisão de literatura e relato de caso

Acroposthitis-phimosis in bulls is an inflammatory disorder of the distal foreskin that may lead to reproductive inability and economic losses. The morphology of Bos indicus bulls foreskin makes them more affected than Bos taurus or mixed breed bulls. Conservative or surgical treatment is indicated depending on the degree and chronicity of the lesion. This study presents a review on acroposthitis-phimosis and describes the case of a Nelore bull subjected to V-posthioplasty. The surgical technique was easy to perform and effective in correcting the disorder. No post-operative complication was observed and reproductive activity was resumed in 60 days.A acropostite-fimose em touros se refere ao processo inflamatório da extremidade do prepúcio, afecção que pode resultar em incapacidade reprodutiva e perdas econômicas. Aspectos morfológicos do prepúcio de touros zebuínos (Bos indicus), fazem com que os mesmos sejam mais acometidos que raças taurinas (Bos taurus) e mestiços. O tratamento pode ser conservativo ou cirúrgico, dependendo do grau de comprometimento e cronicidade da lesão. Este trabalho apresenta revisão de literatura sobre acropostite-fimose e descreve o caso de um touro da raça Nelore submetido à postoplastia em “V”. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada demonstrou-se de fácil execução e eficaz em corrigir a afecção. O touro não apresentou complicações pós-operatórias e a atividade reprodutiva foi retomada em 60 dias

Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in an adult Black Howler Monkey (Primates: Atelidae)

Over the past years, the number of neoplasm cases reported in nonhuman primates have considerably increased, with hepatocellular tumors reported in several species. Here a case report of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in an adult male Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta caraya) is presented. The animal, kept as pet, was admitted at Veterinary Hospital presented clinical signs of cholestasis. After unsuccessful drug treatment, the animal was submitted to a cholecystoduodenostomy. During the surgical procedure, the hepatobiliary system was meticulously observed. The liver showed no macroscopic alterations, however, there was a solid mass throughout the common bile duct. Biopsy specimens were collected from the bile duct mass, liver and gallbladder for histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Histological examination of the liver showed diffuse accentuated vacuolization and necrosis, besides hemosiderin accumulation inside hepatocytes. In the portal region, there was an accentuated proliferation of biliary ducts, which presented replete with bilirubin. Discrete neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis were also observed. The bile duct mass showed a cellular proliferation of epithelial origin, confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. The arrangement, characteristics and growth pattern of these cells revealed a malignant neoplasm. Despite the success of the procedure, the animal died hours later. Cholangiocarcinomas generally present high mortality rates, since its late clinical presentation make the treatments ineffective due to its large extensions at the time of diagnosis. The owner did not allow the necropsy, therefore the presence of other neoplasms and important organ alterations, which may be aggravated the patient's clinical condition, were not confirmed

Comparative evaluation of three laparoscopic cholecystectomy techniques in rabbit’s model

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this randomized study was to compare the complications and perioperative outcome of three different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Changes in the liver function test after LC techniques were investigated. Also, we compared the degree of postoperative adhesions and histopathological changes of the liver bed. Methods: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: group A) Fundus-first technique by Hook dissecting instrument and Roeder Slipknot applied for cystic duct (CD) ligation; group B) conventional technique by Maryland dissecting forceps and electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) for CD seal; group C) conventional technique by EBVS for gallbladder (GB) dissection and CD seal. Results: Group A presented a longer GB dissection time than groups B and C. GB perforation and bleeding from tissues adjacent to GB were similar among tested groups. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased (p ≤ 0.05) on day 3 postoperatively in group A. By the 15th postoperative day, the enzymes returned to the preoperative values. Transient elevation of hepatic transaminases occurred after LC in all groups. Group A had a higher adherence score than groups B and C and was associated with the least predictable technique. Conclusions: LC can be performed using different techniques, although the use of EBVS is highly recommended