Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD

Processo de migração de dados meteorológicos para o banco de dados do sistema Agritempo.

Análise dos dados das estações meteorológicas. Dados da CEMIG. Dados do INMET. Processo de migração. Formato padrão proposto. Migração de dados: conversor e migrador.bitstream/CNPTIA/9886/1/comuntec27.pdfAcesso em: 30 maio 2008

Roles of Estrogens in the Healthy and Diseased Oviparous Vertebrate Liver.

The liver is a vital organ that sustains multiple functions beneficial for the whole organism. It is sexually dimorphic, presenting sex-biased gene expression with implications for the phenotypic differences between males and females. Estrogens are involved in this sex dimorphism and their actions in the liver of several reptiles, fishes, amphibians, and birds are discussed. The liver participates in reproduction by producing vitellogenins (yolk proteins) and eggshell proteins under the control of estrogens that act via two types of receptors active either mainly in the cell nucleus (ESR) or the cell membrane (GPER1). Estrogens also control hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolisms, with a triglyceride carrier role for VLDL from the liver to the ovaries during oogenesis. Moreover, the activation of the vitellogenin genes is used as a robust biomarker for exposure to xenoestrogens. In the context of liver diseases, high plasma estrogen levels are observed in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in chicken implicating estrogens in the disease progression. Fishes are also used to investigate liver diseases, including models generated by mutation and transgenesis. In conclusion, studies on the roles of estrogens in the non-mammalian oviparous vertebrate liver have contributed enormously to unveil hormone-dependent physiological and physiopathological processes

Correlação do P no sistema solo-planta-animal em pastagem natural na Região da Campanha-RS.

Um estudo foi realizado para determinar a correlação do P no sistema solo-planta-animal com características da paisagem e qualidade da forragem em três tipos de solo não perturbados, localizados na região da Campanha-RS. Efetuou-se a amostragem em áreas sobre os solos Neossolo Regolítico eutrófico (RLe), Argissolo Bruno-Acinzentado (ABA) e Planossolo Háplico eutrófico (PHe) durante um ano. A correlação linear entre P no solo x P na planta apresentou significância no outono (p<0,01) e no inverno (p<0,05) para todos os solos em conjunto. Dos coeficientes de correlação dos possíveis fatores influentes dos compartimentos solo-planta, o Ca, o Mg, o Fe e o Al não exerceram qualquer influência detectável na absorção do P. O Mn influenciou negativamente a absorção do P pelas plantas nas áreas sobre os solos RLe (p<0,01) e ABA. (p<0,05). O K influenciou negativamente (p<0,01) a absorção do P no solo ABA. Em relação aos coeficientes de correlação e os níveis de significância dos possíveis fatores influentes da passagem do P nos compartimentos planta-animal, o Ca não apresentou influência sobre a absorção do P pelo animal em nenhuma das áreas. O Fe afetou negativamente (p<0,01) a absorção do P no solo PHe e o Mn mostrou efeito positivo (p<0,01) sobre a absorção do P no solo RLe. O comportamento diferenciado dos parâmetros influentes na passagem do fósforo na cadeia solo-planta-animal sob condições de campo natural, é dependente do tipo de solo

On DLA's η

In his pioneering 1961 paper on seismic anisotropy in a layered earth, Don L. Anderson (hereafter referred to as DLA) introduced a parameter often referred to in global seismology as η without providing any reasoning. This note hopes to clarify the significance of η in the context of the dependence of body wave velocities in a transversely isotropic system on the angle of incidence, and also its relation with the other well-known anisotropic parameters introduced by Leon Thomsen in 1986

The Effect of Feed Supplementation and Sward Characteristics on the Ingestive Behaviour of Grazing Ewes

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of protein/energy supplementation and sward physical characteristics on grazing behaviour of lactating ewes grazing Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The experiment was carried out in the spring of 1999 at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. The grazing behaviour was assessed in two periods: 2 and 3 September, and 8 and 9 October of 1999, using a group of twelve yearling ewes. Groups of four ewes were either supplemented (with 1% of the animals live weight) with soybean meal (protein source), with corn (energy source) or not supplemented. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomised block design with four replications. This experiment shows that grazing behaviour is more strongly affected by sward characteristics than by protein or energy supplementation

Glucocorticoid receptor-PPARα axis in fetal mouse liver prepares neonates for milk lipid catabolism.

In mammals, hepatic lipid catabolism is essential for the newborns to efficiently use milk fat as an energy source. However, it is unclear how this critical trait is acquired and regulated. We demonstrate that under the control of PPARα, the genes required for lipid catabolism are transcribed before birth so that the neonatal liver has a prompt capacity to extract energy from milk upon suckling. The mechanism involves a fetal glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-PPARα axis in which GR directly regulates the transcriptional activation of PPARα by binding to its promoter. Certain PPARα target genes such as Fgf21 remain repressed in the fetal liver and become PPARα responsive after birth following an epigenetic switch triggered by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated inhibition of HDAC3. This study identifies an endocrine developmental axis in which fetal GR primes the activity of PPARα in anticipation of the sudden shifts in postnatal nutrient source and metabolic demands

Methodological quality of network meta-analysis in dentistry : a meta-research

This meta-research aimed to provide an overview of the methodological quality and risk of bias of network meta-analyses (NMA) in dentistry. Searches for NMA of randomized clinical trials with clinical outcomes in dentistry were performed in databases up to January 2022. Two reviewers independently screened titles/ abstracts, selected full texts, and extracted the data. The adherence to PRISMA-NMA reporting guideline, the AMSTAR-2 methodological quality tool, and the ROBIS risk of bias tool were assessed in the studies. Correlation between the PRISMA-NMA adherence and the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS results was also investigated. Sixty-two NMA studies were included and presented varied methodological quality. According to AMSTAR-2, half of the NMA presented moderate quality (n = 32; 51.6%). The adherence to PRISMA-NMA also varied. Only 36 studies (58.1%) prospectively registered the protocol. Other issues lacking of reporting were data related were data related to the NMA geometry and the assessment of results consistency, and the evaluation of risk of bias across the studies. ROBIS assessment showed a high risk of bias mainly for domains 1 (study eligibility criteria) and 2 (identification and selection of studies). Correlation coefficients between the PRISMA-NMA adherence and the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS results showed moderate correlation (rho < 0.6). Overall, NMA studies in dentistry were of moderate quality and at high risk of bias in several domains, especially study selection. Future reviews should be better planned and conducted and have higher compliance with reporting and quality assessment tools

Informatização do monitoramento agrometeorológico - Sistema Agritempo 1.0.

Protótipo. Modelos de dados. Perfis de usuários. Ações do perfil instituição. Acesso a dados - estação. Acesso a dados - meteorológicos. Visualização de mapas. Geração de boletins - resumindo 1. Geração de boletins - balanço hídrico. Pesquisa e gráficos. Alteração de senha. Upload de arquivos.bitstream/CNPTIA/9888/1/comuntec29.pdfAcesso em: 30 maio 2008

Teste de progênie de Cupressus lusitanica.

bitstream/item/104686/1/41TesteProgenie0001.pd