6,421 research outputs found
State morphism MV-algebras
We present a complete characterization of subdirectly irreducible MV-algebras
with internal states (SMV-algebras). This allows us to classify subdirectly
irreducible state morphism MV-algebras (SMMV-algebras) and describe single
generators of the variety of SMMV-algebras, and show that we have a continuum
of varieties of SMMV-algebras
A note on drastic product logic
The drastic product is known to be the smallest -norm, since whenever . This -norm is not left-continuous, and hence it
does not admit a residuum. So, there are no drastic product -norm based
many-valued logics, in the sense of [EG01]. However, if we renounce standard
completeness, we can study the logic whose semantics is provided by those MTL
chains whose monoidal operation is the drastic product. This logic is called
in [NOG06]. In this note we justify the study of this
logic, which we rechristen DP (for drastic product), by means of some
interesting properties relating DP and its algebraic semantics to a weakened
law of excluded middle, to the projection operator and to
discriminator varieties. We shall show that the category of finite DP-algebras
is dually equivalent to a category whose objects are multisets of finite
chains. This duality allows us to classify all axiomatic extensions of DP, and
to compute the free finitely generated DP-algebras.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
The Battle to Establish an Adversarial Trial System in Italy
This Article is intended to bring the U.S. legal community up to date on the attempt in Italy to put in place a more accusatorial trial system. The Article is divided into three sections. Section I describes the central provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure that was adopted in 1988. It shows that a close look at the Italian system reveals that it was never intended to be an exact model of either the U.S. or English trial systems, because it always contained central features that are found in civil law systems on the continent. Rather, the changes in the 1988 Code of Criminal Procedure were only intended to adopt an adversarial system to the extent that power over the control of the criminal trial was to be shifted away from the trial judges and placed squarely on the shoulders of the public prosecutors and the defense lawyers, who would have the primary responsibility for presenting evidence and for examining (and cross-examining) witnesses. Section I also discusses one of the main changes in the Italian system under the Code-the introduction of a form of plea bargaining whereby the public prosecutor and the defense attorney were permitted to seek a reduced sentence for a defendant in exchange for the avoidance of trial
The Battle to Establish an Adversarial Trial System in Italy
This Article is intended to bring the U.S. legal community up to date on the attempt in Italy to put in place a more accusatorial trial system. The Article is divided into three sections. Section I describes the central provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure that was adopted in 1988. It shows that a close look at the Italian system reveals that it was never intended to be an exact model of either the U.S. or English trial systems, because it always contained central features that are found in civil law systems on the continent. Rather, the changes in the 1988 Code of Criminal Procedure were only intended to adopt an adversarial system to the extent that power over the control of the criminal trial was to be shifted away from the trial judges and placed squarely on the shoulders of the public prosecutors and the defense lawyers, who would have the primary responsibility for presenting evidence and for examining (and cross-examining) witnesses. Section I also discusses one of the main changes in the Italian system under the Code-the introduction of a form of plea bargaining whereby the public prosecutor and the defense attorney were permitted to seek a reduced sentence for a defendant in exchange for the avoidance of trial
The Character of Z-pole Data Constraints on Standard Model Parameters
Despite the impressive precision of the Z-pole measurements made at LEP and
SLC, the allowed region for the principle Standard Model parameters responsible
for radiative corrections (the mass of the Higgs, the mass of the top and
alpha(Mz)) is still large enough to encompass significant non-linearities. The
nature of the experimental constraints therefore depends in an interesting way
on the "accidental" relationships among the various measurements. In
particular, the fact that the Z-pole measurements favor values of the Higgs
mass excluded by direct searches leads us to examine the effects of external
Higgsstrahlung, a process ignored by the usual precision electroweak
calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, REVTeX format; added reference in section IV;
added paragraph on widths and a few cosmetic changes to correspond to
published versio
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