10 research outputs found
Production of diospyrin by Euclea natalensis seedlings and in vitro cultures
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-96).This study focused on the potential use of E. natalensis seedlings, callus cultures and hairy root cultures as alternative sources of diospyrin. Chloroform extracts of E. natalensis seedling organs showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium aurum, and HPLC analysis of the extracts demonstrated a corresponding accumulation of diospyrin, mostly in the stem (0.23%, DW) and roots (0.17%, DW) of the seedlings
Production of diospyrin by Euclea natalensis seedlings and in vitro cultures
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-96).This study focused on the potential use of E. natalensis seedlings, callus cultures and hairy root cultures as alternative sources of diospyrin. Chloroform extracts of E. natalensis seedling organs showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium aurum, and HPLC analysis of the extracts demonstrated a corresponding accumulation of diospyrin, mostly in the stem (0.23%, DW) and roots (0.17%, DW) of the seedlings
Protective Immunization of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) against Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infestation
publishedVersio
Evidence of pervasive biologically functional secondary structures within the Genomes of Eukaryotic Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses have genomes that are potentially capable of forming complex secondary structures
through Watson-Crick base pairing between their constituent nucleotides. A few of the structural elements formed by such base
pairings are, in fact, known to have important functions during the replication of many ssDNA viruses. Unknown, however, are
(i) whether numerous additional ssDNA virus genomic structural elements predicted to exist by computational DNA folding
methods actually exist and (ii) whether those structures that do exist have any biological relevance. We therefore computationally
inferred lists of the most evolutionarily conserved structures within a diverse selection of animal- and plant-infecting ssDNA
viruses drawn from the families Circoviridae, Anelloviridae, Parvoviridae, Nanoviridae, and Geminiviridae and analyzed these
for evidence of natural selection favoring the maintenance of these structures. While we find evidence that is consistent with purifying
selection being stronger at nucleotide sites that are predicted to be base paired than at sites predicted to be unpaired, we
also find strong associations between sites that are predicted to pair with one another and site pairs that are apparently coevolving
in a complementary fashion. Collectively, these results indicate that natural selection actively preserves much of the pervasive
secondary structure that is evident within eukaryote-infecting ssDNA virus genomes and, therefore, that much of this structure
is biologically functional. Lastly, we provide examples of various highly conserved but completely uncharacterized
structural elements that likely have important functions within some of the ssDNA virus genomes analyzed here.Department of HE and Training approved lis
Protective Immunization of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) against Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infestation
Vaccination against salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is a means of control that averts the negative effects of chemical approaches. Here, we studied the immunogenicity and protective effect of a vaccine formulation (based on a salmon lice-gut recombinant protein [P33]) against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon in a laboratory-based trial. Our findings revealed that P33 vaccine can provide a measure of protection against immature and adult salmon lice infestation. This protection seemed to be vaccine dose-dependent, where higher doses resulted in lower parasitic infestation rates. We also provide immunological evidence confirming that P33-specific immune response can be triggered in Atlantic salmon after P33 vaccination, and that production of P33-specific antibodies in blood can be detected in vaccinated fish. The negative correlation between P33-specific IgM in salmon plasma and salmon lice numbers on vaccinated fish suggests that protection against lice can be mediated by the specific antibody in salmon plasma. The success of P33 vaccination in protecting salmon against lice confirms the possibility of employing the hematophagous nature of the parasite to deliver salmon-specific antibodies against lice-gut proteins
Protective Immunization of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salarL.)against Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infestation
Vaccination against salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is a means of control that averts the negative effects of chemical approaches. Here, we studied the immunogenicity and protective effect of a vaccine formulation (based on a salmon lice-gut recombinant protein [P33]) against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon in a laboratory-based trial. Our findings revealed that P33 vaccine can provide a measure of protection against immature and adult salmon lice infestation. This protection seemed to be vaccine dose-dependent, where higher doses resulted in lower parasitic infestation rates. We also provide immunological evidence confirming that P33-specific immune response can be triggered in Atlantic salmon after P33 vaccination, and that production of P33-specific antibodies in blood can be detected in vaccinated fish. The negative correlation between P33-specific IgM in salmon plasma and salmon lice numbers on vaccinated fish suggests that protection against lice can be mediated by the specific antibody in salmon plasma. The success of P33 vaccination in protecting salmon against lice confirms the possibility of employing the hematophagous nature of the parasite to deliver salmon-specific antibodies against lice-gut proteins