Que pourrions-nous trouver dans les bulletins scolaires de Donald Trump ?

Billet pour le blog du laboratoire CAREF.Si vous suivez l’actualité, vous connaissez probablement l’information qui va suivre. Si ce n’est pas le cas, vous risquez d’être fort surpris : les bulletins scolaires de Donald Trump auraient disparu, comme l’ont sous-entendu certains médias.Le texte qui suit s’intéresse ainsi aux appréciations que nous aurions pu trouver sur les bulletins scolaires de l’actuel président des Etats-Unis d’Amérique s’il avait été étudiant en France. Cette fiction est construite à partir d’un travail mené sur le jugement professoral appréhendé via les appréciations portées par les enseignants (en particulier ceux d’EPS) sur les bulletins scolaires

La rentabilité des traits « masculins » dans un lycée favorisé, en particulier en EPS

Cet article présente des résultats issus de notre thèse de doctorat. En nous appuyant sur le paradigme de l'androgynie psychologique (Bem, 1978), la sociologie du curriculum (Forquin, 1989) et les théories de la reproduction (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1970), nous analysons l'effet de l'orientation de genre et du sexe sur le jugement professoral (les notes et les appréciations sur les bulletins trimestriels). Les concepts de genre, de sexe, du masculin et du féminin sont définis, puis l'ancrage de l'EPS dans les institutions scolaire et sportive est rappelé. Ensuite, les résultats sont présentés et commentés. Le genre masculin apparaît comme favorisé en EPS, mais également dans l'ensemble de l'institution scolaire

Quelle place pour le sociologique dans les recherches en didactique de l’EPS ?

L’objet de cet article est de s’interroger sur les possibilités et les limites d’une interprétation sociologique du curriculum en EPS. En effet, nos recherches s’inscrivent dans un projet de tentatives de problématisation sociologique de problèmes didactiques. En quoi la sociologie, avec ses cadres conceptuels, ses outils méthodologiques, son regard propre sur le monde social peut-elle être une ressource pour la didactique ? Il nous semble qu’une association fructueuse entre didactique et sociologie est possible et souhaitable. Dans cette perspective que nous pourrions qualifier de « socio-didactique » (Johsua, 1999), nos travaux de recherche s’orientent plus particulièrement vers l’étude des processus de fabrication des inégalités par et dans l’école dans le cadre des cours d’éducation physique et sportive.The aim of this study is to question about possibilities and limits of the sociological approach of the physical education pedagogical content knowledge. As didactics is defined as being a systematic reflection on PCK within the teaching/learning system, the target is to propose a sociological view on this object. How can sociology be a source for renewing the research by the mean if its frameworks, its methodological tools, and its own comprehension of the social world? A fruitful association between didactics and sociology is possible and desirable. In this prospect called «socio-didactics» (Joshua, 1999), the research object that will be developed will focus more particularly on the processes of inequities manufacturing made by/in school during physical education lessons

D’un corps biologique à un corps traversé par les dimensions féminines et masculines des APSA proposées en EPS

Cet article propose une synthèse des travaux (principalement francophones) en sciences de l’intervention, sciences de l’éducation et STAPS centrés sur le corps, la féminité et la masculinité dans le domaine de l’EPS (tout en débordant celui-ci parfois). Il vise à apporter une contribution à la réflexion sur la prise en compte du corps et des dimensions féminines et masculines dans les APSA, afin d’en faire des leviers d’accès à la réussite des élèves. Nous espérons ainsi qu’il deviendra un support de formation initiale et continue des enseignants d’EPS.This paper synthesizes studies – French-speaking studies in most cases – in sport science and education science which focus on body, masculinity and femininity inside the Physical Education field. Its purpose is to contribute to reflection on body consideration and taking into account masculinity and femininity in physical activities to make them way of success for pupils. We hope it will serve for PE teachers’ ab-initio and further training

Configurations de jeu d’équipes de hockey sur glace de niveau Pee Wee et Bantam

Plusieurs approches d’enseignement efficaces en sport compétitif se fondent sur l’observation et la prise de décisions en situation de jeu. Des travaux récents issus de la technologie des APSA se sont intéressés aux configurations de jeu qui décrivent les caractéristiques des sports collectifs, particulièrement les sports interpénétrés. L’objectif de cette étude est de décrire les configurations de jeu prototypiques au hockey sur glace. 17 parties de hockey sur glace d’équipes de catégorie Pee Wee (11-12 ans) et Bantam (13-14 ans) ont été analysées et 1306 situations ont été codées. Parmi celles-ci, 13 configurations ont été répertoriées et nous indiquent l’importance des rampes et de la zone offensive dans les récupérations de la rondelle avant un tir au but. Quelques différences entre les joueurs plus jeunes et les plus vieux démontrent que les joueurs expérimentés font des choix davantage appropriés pour conserver la rondelle que les plus jeunes. Cette description de ce qui se déroule lors de rencontres de hockey sur glace n’a jamais été menée auparavant. Cette première étape descriptive pourra servir de point de référence à d’autres études plus détaillées sur les différentes configurations de jeu au hockey sur glace.Several approaches to effective teaching in competitive sport are based on observation and decision making in real game situations. Recent studies using the technology of APSA were interested in the game settings that describe the characteristics of invasion sports. The objective of this study was to describe some prototypical game settings of ice hockey. A total of 17 ice hockey games of the Pee Wee (11-12 years old) and Bantam (13-14 years old) categories were analyzed. From those games, 1306 cases were coded. Of these, 13 prototypical configurations were been identified. Results showed the importance of the boards and the offensive zone for recovering the puck before a shot on goal. Some differences between younger players and more experienced players showed that older players seemed to make more appropriate choices to collectively keep the puck instead of taking poor shots on goal. This first description may serve as a benchmark for other more detailed studies on the different configurations of play in ice hockey

Iron overload in polytransfused patients without heart failure is associated with subclinical alterations of systolic left ventricular function using cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging

BACKGROUND: It remains incompletely understood whether patients with transfusion related cardiac iron overload without signs of heart failure exhibit already subclinical alterations of systolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Therefore we performed a comprehensive evaluation of systolic and diastolic cardiac function in such patients using tagged and phase-contrast CMR. METHODS: 19 patients requiring regular blood transfusions for chronic anemia and 8 healthy volunteers were investigated using cine, tagged, and phase-contrast and T2* CMR. LV ejection fraction, peak filling rate, end-systolic global midventricular systolic Eulerian radial thickening and shortening strains as well as left ventricular rotation and twist, mitral E and A wave velocity, and tissue e' wave and E/e' wave velocity ratio, as well as isovolumic relaxation time and E wave deceleration time were computed and compared to cardiac T2*. RESULTS: Patients without significant iron overload (T2* > 20 ms, n = 9) had similar parameters of systolic and diastolic function as normal controls, whereas patients with severe iron overload (T2* 20 ms) or normal controls. Patients with moderate iron overload (T2* 10-20 ms, n = 5), had preserved ejection fraction (59 ± 6%, p = NS vs. pts. with T2* > 20 ms and controls), but showed reduced maximal LV rotational twist (1.8 ± 0.4 degrees). The magnitude of reduction of LV twist (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), of LV ejection fraction (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), of peak radial thickening (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and of systolic (r = 0.50, p < 0.05) and diastolic twist and untwist rate (r = -0.53, p < 0.001) in patients were directly correlated to the logarithm of cardiac T2*. CONCLUSION: Multiple transfused patients with normal ejection fraction and without heart failure have subclinical alterations of systolic and diastolic LV function in direct relation to the severity of cardiac iron overload. Among all parameters, left ventricular twist is affected earliest, and has the highest correlation to log (T2*), suggesting that this parameter might be used to follow systolic left ventricular function in patients with iron overload

Lowy, Michael, The Marxism of Che Guevara : Philosophy, Economics, and Revolutionary Warfare, New York and London, Monthly Review Press, 1973, 127 p.

BACKGROUND: Infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease palliated with placement of a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt are at risk for shunt thrombosis and death. We investigated whether the addition of clopidogrel to conventional therapy reduces mortality from any cause and morbidity related to the shunt. METHODS: In a multicenter, double-blind, event-driven trial, we randomly assigned infants 92 days of age or younger with cyanotic congenital heart disease and a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt to receive clopidogrel at a dose of 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day (467 infants) or placebo (439 infants), in addition to conventional therapy (including aspirin in 87.9% of infants). The primary efficacy end point was a composite of death or heart transplantation, shunt thrombosis, or performance of a cardiac procedure due to an event considered to be thrombotic in nature before 120 days of age. RESULTS: The rate of the composite primary end point did not differ significantly between the clopidogrel group (19.1%) and the placebo group (20.5%) (absolute risk difference, 1.4 percentage points; relative risk reduction with clopidogrel, 11.1%; 95% confidence interval, -19.2 to 33.6; P=0.43), nor did the rates of the three components of the composite primary end point. There was no significant benefit of clopidogrel treatment in any subgroup, including subgroups defined by shunt type. Clopidogrel recipients and placebo recipients had similar rates of overall bleeding (18.8% and 20.2%, respectively) and severe bleeding (4.1% and 3.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Clopidogrel therapy in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease palliated with a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt, most of whom received concomitant aspirin therapy, did not reduce either mortality from any cause or shunt-related morbidity. (Funded by Sanofi-Aventis and Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00396877.)

Creating the BELgian COngenital heart disease database combining administrative and clinical data (BELCODAC) : rationale, design and methodology

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) entails a broad spectrum of malformations with various degrees of severity and prognosis. Consequently, new and specific healthcare needs are emerging, requiring responsive healthcare provision. Research on this matter is predominantly performed on population-based databases, to inform clinicians, researchers and policy-makers on health outcomes and economic burden of CHD. Most databases contain data either from administrative sources or from clinical systems. We describe the methodological design of the BELgian COngenital Heart Disease Database combining Administrative and Clinical data (BELCODAC), to investigate patients with CHD. Methods: Data on clinical characteristics from three university hospitals in Belgium (Leuven, Ghent and Brussels) were merged with mortality and socio-economic data from the official Belgian statistical office (StatBel), and with healthcare use data from the InterMutualistic Agency, an overarching national organization that collects data from the seven sickness funds for all Belgian citizens. Over 60 variables with multiple entries over time are included in the database. Results: BELCODAC contains data on 18,510 patients, of which 8926 patients (48%) have a mild, 7490 (41%) a moderately complex and 2094 (11%) a complex anatomical heart defect. The most prevalent diagnosis is Ventricular Septal Defect in 3879 patients (21%), followed by Atrial Septal Defect in 2565 patients (14%). Conclusions: BELCODAC comprises longitudinal data on patients with CHD in Belgium. This will help build evidence-based provision of care to the changing CHD population

Role of β-adrenergic receptors in the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of zinc-α2-glycoprotien (ZAG)

Objectives: The goal of the current study is to determine whether the ß-adrenoreceptor (ß-AR) plays a role in the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of zinc-a2-glycoprotein (ZAG). Material and methods: This has been investigated in CHO-K1 cells transfected with the human ß1-, ß2-, ß3-AR and in ob/ob mice. Cyclic AMP assays were carried out along with binding studies. Ob/ob mice were treated with ZAG and glucose transportation and insulin were examined in the presence or absence of propranolol. Results: ZAG bound to the ß3-AR with higher affinity (Kd 46±1nM) than the ß2-AR (Kd 71±3nM) while there was no binding to the ß1-AR, and this correlated with the increases in cyclic AMP in CHO-K1 cells transfected with the various ß-AR and treated with ZAG. Treatment of ob/ob mice with ZAG increased protein expression of ß3-AR in gastrocnemius muscle, and in white and brown adipose tissues, but had no effect on expression of ß1- and ß2-AR. A reduction of body weight was seen and urinary glucose excretion, increase in body temperature, reduction in maximal plasma glucose and insulin levels in the oral glucose tolerance test, and stimulation of glucose transport into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, were completely attenuated by the non-specific ß-AR antagonist propranolol. Conclusion: The results suggest that the effects of ZAG on body weight and insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice are manifested through a ß-3AR, or possibly a ß2-AR