Le Français et l’italien, langues de spécialité à l’école : désirs et besoins dans l’enseignement/apprentissage à orientation technique et professionnelle

The ambiguities in school teaching/ learning of French and Italian for special purposes in technical and vocational education are analysed in a survey conducted in Italy and France. Some hypotheses are proposed to help to solve the problems generated by these ambiguities. A reorganisation in school space and time and in the initial training of language teachers is suggested to allow them to work without frustration in these branches.Les ambiguïtés qui caractérisent la situation d’enseignement/ apprentissage scolaire du français et de l’italien de spécialité dans les filières techniques et professionnelles sont analysées à travers une enquête réalisée en Italie et en France. Les problèmes engendrés par ces ambiguïtés appellent des hypothèses de solution dont les pistes sont explorées. Une réorganisation de l’espace-temps institutionnel et de la formation initiale des enseignants de langue est suggérée afin que ces derniers puissent oeuvrer sans complexes dans des formations orientées vers la vie professionnelle.Mondavio Anna. Le Français et l’italien, langues de spécialité à l’école : désirs et besoins dans l’enseignement/apprentissage à orientation technique et professionnelle. In: Cahiers de l'APLIUT, volume 16, numéro 4, 1997. pp. 35-42

Is It Prime Time for Alpha2-Adrenocepter Agonists in the Treatment of Withdrawal Syndromes?

The need to treat withdrawal syndromes is a common occurrence in outpatient, inpatient ward, and intensive care unit (ICU) settings. A PubMed and Google Scholar search using alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist (A2AA), specific A2AA agents, withdrawal syndrome and nicotine, and alcohol and opioid withdrawal terms was performed. A2AA agents appear to be able to modulate many of the signs and symptoms of significant withdrawal syndromes but are also capable of significant side effects, which can limit clinical use. Non-opioid oral A2AA agent use for opioid withdrawal has been well established. Pharmacologic combination therapy that utilizes A2AA agents for withdrawal syndromes appears promising but requires further formal testing to better define which other agents, under what condition(s), and at what A2AA doses are needed. The A2AA dexmedetomidine may be useful as an adjunctive agent in treating severe alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the ICU. In general, the current data does not support the routine use of A2AA as the primary or sole agent to treat ethanol/alcohol or nicotine withdrawal syndromes. Specific A2AA agents such as lofexidine has been shown to have a primary role in non-opioid-based treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome and dexmedetomidine in combination with benzodiazepines has been shown to have potential in the treatment of severe ICU-based alcohol withdrawal syndrome