Formulation and in vitro study of Ibuprofen loaded crosslinked sodium alginate and gellan gum microspheres

Ibuprofen loaded microspheres were prepared using sodium alginate and gellan gum and were cross-linked by maleic anhydride, aluminium chloride. The resulting microspheres were evaluated by in-vitro release study, swelling index, microscopic analysis and entrapment efficiency. DSC study shows there was no interaction between drug and excipients. Entrapment was found good in all the formulations while the maximum entrapment (97.6%) was recorded in formulation cross-linked by aluminium chloride and their average particle size were 150 to 160 m. Approximately 50% of drug was released by the formulation cross-linked by aluminium chloride (F2) over a period of 6 hours. From this experiment, it is observed that the formulation with cross-linked by aluminium chloride is the better formulation among others due to good release profile and entrapment efficiency

Carroll fermions in two dimensions

Carroll symmetry is a very powerful characteristic of generic null surfaces, as it replaces the usual Poincar\'e algebra with a vanishing speed of light version thereof. These symmetries have found universal applications in the physics of null manifolds as they arise in diverse situations ranging from black hole horizons to condensed matter systems with vanishing Fermi velocities. In this work, we concentrate on fermions living on two dimensional ($2d$) null manifolds and explore the Carroll invariant structure of the associated field theories in a systematic manner. The free massless versions of these fermions are shown to exhibit $2d$ Conformal Carroll or equivalently the $3d$ Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) algebra as their symmetry. Due to the degenerate nature of the manifold, we show the presence of two distinct classes of Clifford Algebras. We also find that in two dimensions there are two distinct fermion actions. We study discrete and continuous symmetries of both theories, and quantize them using highest weight representation of the vacuum. We also discuss how the symmetries of $2d$ free fermion CFTs can be continually deformed by infinite boosts or degenerate linear transformations on coordinates, leading to the corresponding BMS invariant theory at singular points.Comment: 37 pages, no figure

Duality between imperfect resources and measurements for propagating entanglement in networks

We propose a measurement-based entanglement propagation strategy for networks in which all nodes except two are initially occupied by a suitably chosen single-qubit system and the two nodes share a bipartite noisy entangled state. The connections between the sites are established using unsharp two-qubit measurements. When only a single node performs measurements, we refer to it as a unidirectional protocol while when both parts of the initial entangled states perform measurements, we call it a bidirectional scheme. When the measurement outcome is post-selected, we demonstrate that in the presence of a local amplitude damping channel acting on a single site, entanglement shareability, as measured by the monogamy score, of the resulting state after measurement can be higher for all values of the strength of the noise than that of the scenario without noise. We observe that irrespective of the channel, there exists a range of unsharpness parameter where a higher monogamy score may be obtained starting from the initial nonmaximally entangled states than from the initial maximally entangled state. We report that the effect of noise on the average monogamy score entered from the resource state may be reduced faster with the unidirectional protocol than with the bidirectional one.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

The Tai-Phake of Assam, India – A Morphometric Study and Population Comparison with Neighbouring Groups

Morphometric characters of the adult males of the Tai-Phake and the nature and extent of morphometric variation among five neighboring mongoloid groups of Assam have been examined in the present study. For the sake of investigation 12 anthropometric measurements have been taken and five indices have been calculated. In order to obtain the distance values size, shape and biological distance are calculated. It revels that the Tai-Phake maintains a far distance with other five neighboring groups (Ahom, Deuri, Chutia, Mishing and Moran). The Ahom also maintain far distance with other five groups. While, the Mishing and Moran, and Deuri and Chutia maintain close distance among themselves

Antibacterial activity assessment of petroleum ether and methanolic extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn (Amaranthaceae)

Achyranthus aspera is a common weed and known for various medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of different concentrations of methanolic and petroleum-ether leaf extracts of A. aspera against three gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mitis) and six gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A (MTCC-3220), Shigella flexneri). The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract of the herb indicated the presence of flavonoides, tannins, saponins, polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids and glycosides. The methanolic extract at the highest concentration of 10 mg/ml showed prominent antibacterial activity in two gram-negative bacteria, i.e. K. pneumoniae and E. coli with 22 mm zone of inhibition and one gram-positive bacterium i.e. M. luteus with 19 mm zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract at 0.0781mg/ml concentration showed least antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria produced a zone of inhibition between 10 to 12 mm while petroleum ether extract of same concentration had moderate antibacterial activity against S. flexneri (15 mm zone of inhibition). It can be concluded that novel compounds like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloid, and polyphenolic compounds in A. aspera leaves have potent antimicrobial property

Development and Characterization of Ag-Cu-Ti Alloys for Ceramic Brazing

In the present investigation, silver and copper base alloys with varying compositions of Ag:Cu = 72:28, 60:40, 50:50 and 30:70 (by wt%) are prepared. In each set, 1, 2 and 3w1% of active filler element, i.e. titanium is incorporated by powder metallurgical route. The samples are characterised by XRD, DTA-TGA, SEM and EDX. The XRD results show that titanium and its related phases are not present due to the lower concentration of Ti in these samples. Energy dispersive X-ray analyses reveal that most of the titanium is present in the copper rich phase and very little in the silver rich phase. The rolled brazing alloys are used for./pining the alumina to alumina, that showed excellent joining characteristics

N2 HOMO-1 orbital cross section revealed through high-order-harmonic generation

Citation: Troß, J., Ren, X., Makhija, V., Mondal, S., Kumarappan, V., & Trallero-Herrero, C. A. (2017). N2 HOMO-1 orbital cross section revealed through high-order-harmonic generation. Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 95(3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.033419We measure multi-orbital contributions to high harmonic generation from aligned nitrogen. We show that the change in revival structure in the cutoff harmonics has a counterpart in the angular distribution when a lower-lying orbital contributes to the harmonic yield. This angular distribution is directly observed in the laboratory without any further deconvolution. Because of the high degree of alignment we are able to distinguish angular contributions of the highest occupied molecular orbital 1 (HOMO-1) orbital from angle-dependent spectroscopic features of the HOMO. In particular, we are able to make a direct comparison with the cross section of the HOMO-1 orbital in the extreme ultraviolet region. © 2017 American Physical Society

Measuring the Angle-Dependent Photoionization Cross Section of Nitrogen using High-Harmonic Generation

We exploit the relationship between high harmonic generation (HHG) and the molecular photorecombination dipole to extract the molecular-frame differential photoionization cross section (PICS) in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) for molecular nitrogen. A shape resonance and a Cooper-type minimum are reflected in the pump-probe time delay measurements of different harmonic orders, where high-order rotational revivals are observed in N₂. We observe the energy- and angle-dependent Cooper minimum and shape resonance directly in the laboratory-frame HHG yield by achieving a high degree of alignment, [SEE FORMULA IN ABSTRACT cos2 θ] 0.8. The interplay between PICS and rotational revivals is confirmed by simulations using the quantitative rescattering theory. Our method of extracting molecular-frame structural information points the way to similar measurements in more complex molecules