Effect of Various Yogic Intervention Strategies on Back Strength of Homemakers

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various yogic intervention strategies on back strength of homemakers. Further, the purpose of study was to find out the trend of the effect of various yogic intervention strategies on back strength of homemakers. Fifty homemakers from Gwalior city were selected as subjects for this study. The average age of the subject was 35-45 years. The parameter selected was Back Strength. The subjects were equally assigned using random sampling procedure into two groups, i.e., one experimental group and one control group. The quantitative measurement of each subject was taken before the training programme was started and after every month of training programme for the three months. ANCOVA was employed to find out the effect of various yogic intervention strategies in experimental group and control group on back strength and further, trend analysis was used to find out the trend effect of various yogic intervention strategies in experimental group on back strength at 0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that significant effects of various yogic intervention strategies on back strength were also found. In relation to the same, significant trend of the effect was also found. Linear trend was found significant on the other hand quadratic and cubic trend were found insignificant Keywords: Homemakers, Yogic Intervention, Trend Analysi

Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in Plant: Molecular Mechanism, Regulation, and Cellular Dysfunction in Response to Development and Stress

Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a genetically programmed cellular process. Though in the plant, a true caspase system is lacking, still PCD can occur throughout the life cycle at any cell type, tissue, and organ part in response to a wide range of stimuli. Here we have discussed the current understanding of plant PCD in terms of different pathways, cellular dysfunction, regulation, and signaling mechanisms. Our present study discussed how and to what extent PCD is involved in pre-zygotic and post-zygotic plant life cycle and emphasized to what extent PCD modulated in response to abiotic and biotic stress. Additionally, the expression profile of different PCD-associated genes that are modulated by developmental stage, biotic-abiotic stress, cellular metabolites are also elucidated. Hence, this study will be helpful for understanding the molecular and structural instincts of PCD in different stages of plant growth and development, response to biotic/abiotic stimuli, and cellular dysfunction

Investigation of optical and electrical properties of erbium-doped TiO2 thin films for photodetector applications

We have investigated the electrical and optical properties of erbium (Er3+) doped TiO2 thin films (Er:TiO2 TFs) grown by sol–gel technique on glass and silicon substrates. The samples were characterized by field emission gun–scanning electron microscopes (FEG–SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and current–voltage measurement techniques. FEG–SEM and AFM images showed the morphological change in the structure of Er:TiO2 TFs and EDX analysis confirmed the Er3+ doped into TiO2 lattice. Broad PL emissions in visible and infrared regions were observed in undoped TiO2 samples and associated to different mechanisms due to the anatase and rutile phases. PL spectra revealed sharp peaks at 525 nm, 565 nm, 667 nm and 1.54 µm which are related to Er3+ emissions in Er:TiO2 samples. The undoped TiO2 and Er:TiO2 TFs based UV-photodetectors were fabricated, and various device parameters were investigated. The doped devices exhibit high photoresponse upon illuminating 350 nm UV light at 2 V bias with faster response time compared to undoped device

On the (p,q)th Relative Order Oriented Growth Properties of Entire Functions

The relative order of growth gives a quantitative assessment of how different functions scale each other and to what extent they are self-similar in growth. In this paper for any two positive integers p and q, we wish to introduce an alternative definition of relative (¿�, ¿�)th order which improves the earlier definition of relative (¿�, ¿�)th order as introduced by Lahiri and Banerjee (2005). Also in this paper we discuss some growth rates of entire functions on the basis of the improved definition of relative (¿�, ¿�)th order with respect to another entire function and extend some earlier concepts as given by Lahiri and Banerjee (2005), providing some examples of entire functions whose growth rate can accordingly be studied.Sánchez Ruiz, LM. (2014). On the (p,q)th Relative Order Oriented Growth Properties of Entire Functions. Abstract and Applied Analysis. 1-8. doi:10.1155/2014/826137S18Sato, D. (1963). On the rate of growth of entire functions of fast growth. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 69(3), 411-415. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1963-10951-9Beardon, A. F. (Ed.). (1991). Iteration of Rational Functions. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4422-6Bergweiler, W. (1991). Periodic points of entire functions: proof of a conjecture of Baker. Complex Variables, Theory and Application: An International Journal, 17(1-2), 57-72. doi:10.1080/1747693910881449

Effect of erbium-doping concentration on the electrical, structural and morphological properties of heterostructures based on TiO2 thin films

Effect of erbium (Er) doping on the electrical, structural and morphological properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by the combination of a simple sol–gel process and spin-coating technique on p-type silicon substrates, has been investigated. A systematic study of the effect of concentration of Er on the properties of heterostructures was carried out. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to study the structural and morphology properties of devices based on Er-doped TiO2/Si heterostructures. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) has been also employed to study the electrically active defects within the band gap of Er-doped TiO2 thin films. DLTS that has proved to be a powerful tool in analysing traps in semiconductors devices showed that undoped TiO2-based devices exhibit five defects. However, three defects have been detected in the low erbium-doped TiO2 devices and only one defect was observed in the higher erbium-doped devices. These results provide strong evidence that Er doping annihilates oxygen-related defects and demonstrate the effective proof of doping process in TiO2 thin film. This finding contributes to the improved activities (e.g., photocatalytic) of TiO2 since the increase in charge traps can reduce bulk recombination and consequently, separates photogenerated electrons and holes more efficiently. Furthermore, it is found that the overall electrical properties of the devices are improved by increasing Er doping concentration. This study provides an important understanding of the deep and shallow level defects in Er-doped TiO2 thin films, which is essential for the manufacturing of future devices including UV detectors

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic

A Note on the Maximum Terms of Composite Entire Functions

Abstract In the paper we compare the maximum term of composition of two entire functions with their corresponding left and right factors on the basis of L − (p, q)th order where L = L(r) is a slowly changing function and p, q are positive integers with p > q. Mathematics Subject Classification: 30D30, 30D3