The relevance of extensional rheology on electrospinning: the polyamide/iron chloride case

The outcomes of the electrospinning of polyamide 6 (PA6) solutions in formic acid containing FeCl3 are correlated with the extensional rheological behaviour of these fluids, which is investigated by the self-controlled capillary breakup of a filament. The rheological analysis enlightens a significant effect of the FeCl3 content on the rheological behaviour, the viscous component becoming predominant over a certain salt content threshold. At this concentration, the electrospun fibres show the formation of severely inhomogeneous structures this indicating that an elastically dominated behaviour is necessary to yield defect-free fibres. Addition of FeCl3 also decreases fibre crystallinity and fibres turn out to be completely amorphous above a critical concentration. Interestingly, this concentration coincides with the one at which the viscous component starts dominating the rheological behaviour

Truly form-factor–free industrially scalable system integration for electronic textile architectures with multifunctional fiber devices

Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Commission (H2020, 1D-NEON, grant agreement ID: 685758). J.M.K. and L.G.O. acknowledge the support from the U.K. Research and Innovation (EPSRC, EP/P027628/1). We thank Y. Bernstein and J. Faulkner for helping with grammar check. Funding Information: Acknowledgments Funding:ThisworkwassupportedbytheEuropeanCommission(H2020,1D-NEON,grant agreementID:685758).J.M.K.andL.G.O.acknowledgethesupportfromtheU.K.Researchand Innovation(EPSRC,EP/P027628/1).W ethankY .BernsteinandJ.Faulknerforhelpingwith grammarcheck.Authorcontributions:S.L.andJ.M.K.conceivedtheproject.S.L.,L.G.O.,P .B., R.Martins,andJ.M.K.supervisedtheproject.S.L.andH.L.developedF-PD.S.L.,Y .-W .L., G.-H.A., D.-W .S., J.I.S.,andS.C.developedF-SC.C.L.F ., A.S.,R.I.,P .B., andR.Martinsdevelopedfiber transistor.S.L.,H.L.,andS.C.developedF-LED.ThefiberdeviceswereevaluatedbyS.L.,H.W .C., D.-W .S., H.L.,S.J.,S.D.H.,S.Y .B., S.Z.,W .H.-C., Y .-H.S., X.-B.F ., T .H.L., J.-W .J., andY .K. The developmentofweavingprocesswasconductedbyS.L.,H.W .C., F .M.M., P .J., andV .G.C. Thelaser interconnectionwasdevelopedbyS.L.,H.W .C., K.U.,M.E.,andM.S.Thetextiledemonstrations werecharacterizedbyS.L.,H.W .C., D.-W .S., J.Y ., S.S.,U.E.,S.N.,A.C.,A.M.,R.Momentè,J.G.,N.D., S.M.,C.-H.K.,M.L.,A.N.,D.J.,M.C.,andY .C. ThismanuscriptwaswrittenbyS.L.andJ.M.K.and reviewed by H.W .C., D.-W .S., M.C.,L.G.O., P .B., E.F ., and G.A.J.A. All authors discussed the results andcommentedonthemanuscript.Competinginterests:Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhave nocompetinginterests.Dataandmaterialsavailability:Alldataneededtoevaluatethe conclusionsinthepaperarepresentinthepaperand/ortheSupplementaryMaterials. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved.An integrated textile electronic system is reported here, enabling a truly free form factor system via textile manufacturing integration of fiber-based electronic components. Intelligent and smart systems require freedom of form factor, unrestricted design, and unlimited scale. Initial attempts to develop conductive fibers and textile electronics failed to achieve reliable integration and performance required for industrial-scale manufacturing of technical textiles by standard weaving technologies. Here, we present a textile electronic system with functional one-dimensional devices, including fiber photodetectors (as an input device), fiber supercapacitors (as an energy storage device), fiber field-effect transistors (as an electronic driving device), and fiber quantum dot light-emitting diodes (as an output device). As a proof of concept applicable to smart homes, a textile electronic system composed of multiple functional fiber components is demonstrated, enabling luminance modulation and letter indication depending on sunlight intensity.publishersversionpublishe

Highly homogeneous core-sheath polyaniline nanofibers obtained by polymerisation on a wire-shaped template

Defect-free and highly homogeneous polyaniline (PANI)-Nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers are obtained through a solvent-induced segregation of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (ADPA) on a fiber surface followed by an oxidative surface polymerization onto a wire-shaped template. Different oxidation salts are tested both as additives of the spinning solutions and in a polymerization bath. Comparison between mats obtained with a solvent induced segregation process and classical feed solution electrospinning is highlighted. As a result, self-standing emeraldine base PANI (EB) membranes are produced both in this pristine state and in a doped emeraldine salt state (ES). The doping process is carried out in different acid baths, namely hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid, the last being the most effective. Wire-shaped PANI membranes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the polymerization/doping states of PANI are monitored step by step by UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle measurements (CA)

Smart textile lighting/display system with multifunctional fibre devices for large scale smart home and IoT applications.

Smart textiles consist of discrete devices fabricated from-or incorporated onto-fibres. Despite the tremendous progress in smart textiles for lighting/display applications, a large scale approach for a smart display system with integrated multifunctional devices in traditional textile platforms has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report the realisation of a fully operational 46-inch smart textile lighting/display system consisting of RGB fibrous LEDs coupled with multifunctional fibre devices that are capable of wireless power transmission, touch sensing, photodetection, environmental/biosignal monitoring, and energy storage. The smart textile display system exhibits full freedom of form factors, including flexibility, bendability, and rollability as a vivid RGB lighting/grey-level-controlled full colour display apparatus with embedded fibre devices that are configured to provide external stimuli detection. Our systematic design and integration strategies are transformational and provide the foundation for realising highly functional smart lighting/display textiles over large area for revolutionary applications on smart homes and internet of things (IoT).EU H2020, 1D-NEON, Grant agreement ID:685758 EPSRC, EP/P027628/