The role of economic and legal factors in the emergence of the street children phenomenon in Khorram Abad, Lorestan province: survey in 2015

In this research, we have studied the population of street children in Khorram Abad in Iran, in 2015, with the emphasis on the role of economic and legal factors forcing children to work on the streets. The results of this research show that the issue of child labor is the consequence of both global and local matters. These children are the products of the urban society, poverty, and cultural, legal, and local factors. The research method is a survey, and the statistical population is the street children, aged between 7 to 18 living in Khorram Abad, in 2015. The sample population chosen randomly includes 242 people, and the required information was gathered using the questionnaire and interview technique. In Khorram Abad, Lorestan, economic crisis and parents' misdemeanor are the two main factors that force the children to fill their fathers' missing place by working in the streets. But, gender factors such as being a boy, and cultural factors such as belonging to a specific tribe are influential in the howness of this phenomenon. In this article, we have attempted to use native sources for a better understanding of the local situation of the phenomenon, and have proposed a few solutions to alter the current situation

The survey of sexual function relationship with sexual satisfaction in referred to Tehran South City health centers

Results: The majority of study subjects (58.2%) had moderate sexual satisfaction. Of sexual function in recent months, most units (76.3%) had an intercourse or more per week. 34.5% of people in their most sexual activities, had a sense of being wet. Within a month, 35.2% of the units had reached orgasm sometimes. 50.7% of women reported that have come to the orgasm after his wife. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that all variables related to sexual function of people were associated with their sexual satisfaction. Therefore ..

Antibacterial Activity of MTA Fillapex and AH 26 Root Canal Sealers at Different Time Intervals

Introduction: The main goal of endodontic treatment is elimination of bacteria and their by-products from infected root canals. This study compared the antibacterial effect of two different sealers, AH 26 and MTA Fillapex, on 4 microorganisms 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 days after mixing. Methods and Materials: The microorganisms used in this study consisted of Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 39392), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). This test is based on the growth of bacteria and turbidity measurement technique using a spectrophotometer, and direct contact was conducted. Multiple comparisons were carried out using repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test and student’s t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The antibacterial activity in the indirect technique was more than the technique with both sealers. In the direct technique the antibacterial activity on all microorganisms were higher for MTA Fillapex sealer. In the indirect technique, both sealers exhibited similar antibacterial properties. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of MTA Fillapex sealer was significantly more than that of AH 26 sealer in the direct technique. The antibacterial effects of both sealers were similar in the indirect technique.Keywords: Antibacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Lactobacillus; MTA Fillapex; Sealers; Staphylococcu

Antifungal Activity of Two Root Canal Sealers against Different Strains of Candida

Introduction: Microorganisms and microbial products are the main etiologic factors in pulp and periapical diseases. The present study aimed to compare the antifungal activity of two different sealers, AH-26 and MTA Fillapex against three strains of Candida, 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days after mixing. Methods and Materials: The microorganisms used in this study were Candidia albicans (ATCC 10231), Candidia glabrata (ATCC 90030) and Candidia krusei (DSM 70079). This test was based on growth of microorganisms and turbidity measurement technique using a spectrophotometer. The direct contact test was conducted by direct and indirect methods. Multiple comparisons were carried out using analysis of variances (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by Tukey’s tests. Results: The antifungal activity of both sealers was similar in the indirect method. The antifungal activity of both sealers in the direct method was similar against Candida albicans and higher for AH-26 sealer against Candida krusei and Candida glabrata. Conclusion: The total antifungal effect of MTA Fillapex sealer was significantly less than AH-26 sealer in direct method. The antifungal effect of both sealers was similar in indirect method.Keywords: Antifungal; Antimicrobial; Candida; Endodontic Sealer

Correlates of sexual satisfaction among Iranians women attending South Tehran health centers: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction: Sexual activity not only is a crucial physiologic need, but also it has been associated with religious, mystical, and historical concepts. The aim of this study was to assess Iranian women’s sexual satisfaction and its correlating factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study at South Tehran health centers (STHCs), which were affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran). A convenience sample consist of 405 women who were married, had at least sixth-grade literacy level, were not addicted to opioids or alcohol, had no history of infertility, psychiatric, and physical disorders, and referred to STHCs to receive Primary Health Care services. Main outcome measures were women’s demographics, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction were assessed by a questionnaire. Results: Most women (58.2%) had moderate sexual satisfaction. A significant direct association was shown between sexual satisfaction and couple’s educational level (P < 0.001), partner’s higher income (P = 0.037), regular menstruation (P = 0.005), and degree of woman’s love toward her partner (P < 0.001). There was a significant indirect association between sexual satisfaction and gravidity number (P = 0.029), and number of offspring (P = 0.006). Having sexual intercourse at least once a week (P = 0.003), equal sex request (P = 0.028), accepting partner’s request pleasingly (P < 0.001), experiencing sexual arousal (P < 0.001), and lubrication (P < 0.001) was directly associated with sexual satisfaction. Dyspareunia (P < 0.001) and difficulty to reach orgasm (P < 0.001) showed significant indirect association. Conclusion: Women sexual satisfaction associates with interpersonal and sexual factors. Creating opportunity for midwives in health centers to consult with couples, assess their quality of sexual function, educate them, and refer them to specialists if needed, is strongly recommended for healthcare systems of Iran

Investigation the Dysfunctional attitudes and its´ relationship with stress, anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients

Background: Breast cancer is considered as the most common as well as most effective malignancy in adult female population, has leaded to deep psychological and emotional problems such as depression, anxiety and stress. One of the possible factors lead to develop of depression, anxiety and stress in people based on cognitive models, is the cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes towards the situation. The components included high prevalence and huge effects of breast cancer´s depression, anxiety and stress on different aspect as well as key role of dysfunctional attitudes in development of these elements; encouraged us to design and perform a study with aim to investigation the dysfunctional attitudes and its´ relationship with stress, anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients referred to a specialized cancer hospital Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, analytic cross sectional study was conducted on cancer patients who were selected using simple sampling. A total number of 297 hospitalized patients with breast cancer were enrolled in 6 months. The clinical and demographic characteristics information, dysfunctional attitudes questionnaire (DAS-26) and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-42) were used. All analyses were performed with descriptive and analytic statistical methods in SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Findings: Mean scores of dysfunctional attitudes were 87.35 (27.53). Also mean scores of stress, anxiety and depression were 14.16 (9.38), 11.64 (8.27) and 12.06 (9.52) relatively. Based on study findings there was a statistically significant relationship between dysfunctional attitudes with stress, anxiety and depression in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: With regard to results of this study, breast cancer patients with higher scores dysfunctional attitudes had more stress, anxiety and depression. In addition low dysfunctional attitudes score was an important protecting factor against stress, anxiety and depression in these patients

Electrochemical codeine sensor based on carbon paste electrode/HKUST-1

In this research, the Cu-MOF (metal-organic framework, HKUST-1) was synthesized via co-precipitation method and it was into the carbon paste electrode and has been investigated in the measurement of codeine. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The effective parameters in the sensitivity of the method were optimized. Quantitative measurements and determination of codeine at the surface of the modified electrode were performed by using differential pulse voltammetry. Finally, the ability of the developed method to measure codeine in real plasma samples was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range was obtained from 2 to 100 μ M with a limit of detection of 0.66 μ M. The high efficiency of the developed electrode in plasma samples was proved by using high and acceptable accuracy and satisfactory relative recovery percentage. The results in which the recoveries values with RSD% for three repeated measurements were in the range of 97–109 (%RSD = 3.75 to 4)

spectrophotometric determination of Fe-II and Fe-III in phar maceuticals by partial least squares with chromogenic mixed reagents,Croatica Chim

An analytical methodology based on spectrophotometric and partial least squares (PLS) algorithm for the simultaneous determination of ampicillin and penicillin in human plasma was developed and validated. The multivariate model was developed as a binary calibration model and it was built and validated with an independent set of synthesis and real samples in presence of matrix. It is shown how a developed technique for signal filtering, orthogonal signal correction (OSC), can be applied in multivariate calibration to enhance predictive power. The experimental calibration matrix was constructed with 25 samples. The concentration ranges considered were 1.0-40.0 and 0.5-20.0 µg mL -1 for ampicillin and penicillin, respectively. This procedure allows the simultaneous determination of ampicillin and penicillin in synthetic and human plasma good reliability of the determination was proved. The results obtained by the OSC-PLS and HPLC were statistically compared. Very similar values were found by two methods. No time consuming pretreatment was needed and this method also provides rapid, accurate and economical analysis of these drugs

Iran Auto Market Price Segmentation and Car Ranking in Segments Using a Hybrid DEMATEL- Two-Step Clustering-TOPSIS Approaches and two-step Weighting based on Shannon’s entropy

Today, there are more than 300 types of cars in Iran auto market, which has a significant growth in recent decade. High variety have challenges for decision makers in selecting cars. No mathematical model has been developed yet for segmenting and ranking Iran auto market, which carry out both defining automatic cluster numbers as well as automatic weighting criteria by the model. This research develops a Hybrid DEMATEL-Two-Step Clustering-TOPSIS approach. The model first finds the beat appropriated criterion for segmentation. Then uses a two-step clustering approach for segmenting Iran auto market based on price criterion. Second, the criteria will be weighted automatically using Shannon entropy weighting method and then, TOPSIS method rank competitors in each defined price segment (lower 900 Million Rials). Also, the Spearman's rank correlation test is used to compare the model results with Iranian customer behavior (with selling volume). The price segmentation results reveal that the Iran auto market can be segmented in six different levels. Furthermore, the ranking results disclose that price is not the only effective factor in finding car utility for the buyer. A weighted combination of performance, features and price will determine optimized selection for buyer