Az örökletes emlőrák szűrésének, megelőzésének és kezelésének új nemzetközi irányvonalai – hazai vonatkozásokkal

Absztrakt Bevezetés: Az örökletes emlőrák szűrése, megelőzése és kezelése összetett, multidiszciplináris feladat. A familiáris emlőrák ellátására új ajánlásokat publikáltak az Egyesült Királyságban. Célkitűzés: A szerzők az angliai és skóciai ajánlásokat, azok evidenciáit és az ezzel kapcsolatos magyarországi helyzetet foglalják össze. Módszer: A National Institute for Health and Care Excellence és a Familial Breast Cancer Report (NHS Scotland) ajánlásai és a hazai gyakorlat elemzése. Eredmények: Az új ajánlások jelentősen növelik a genetikai tesztek és az ezzel kapcsolatos genetikai tanácsadások számát. Az új ajánlások alapján lényegesen több mágneses rezonanciás vizsgálat javasolt az emlőszűrésben. Az érintett egyéneknek közepes kockázattól felfelé kemoprevenció ajánlható. Az örökletes emlőrák szisztémás kezelésében új utakat nyithatnak az egyes platinaszármazékokkal és a poli-ADP-ribóz polimeráz inhibitorokkal végzett klinikai vizsgálatok. Az egészségügyi költségvetést számottevően megterhelhetik a jelentősen megnövekedett genetikai tesztvizsgálatok, a genetikai tanácsadások, az emlő mágneses rezonanciás vizsgálatai. Következtetések: A fenti ajánlások bizonyos területeken meg fogják változtatni a familiáris emlőrák ellátásának jelenlegi klinikai gyakorlatát. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(28), 1117–1125

Emelt szintű szervtámogató és életfenntartó kezelések kritikus állapotú COVID-19-fertőzött betegeken

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Ki-67 as a controversial predictive and prognostic marker in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: Studies have partly demonstrated the clinical validity of Ki-67 as a predictive marker in the neoadjuvant setting, but the question of the best cut-off points as well as the importance of this marker as a prognostic factor in partial responder/non-responder groups remains uncertain. METHODS: One hundred twenty patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) between 2002 and 2013 were retrospectively recruited to this study. The optimal cut-off value for Ki-67 labeling index (LI) to discriminate response to treatment was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve estimation, log-rank test and cox regression analysis were carried out to reveal the association between Ki-67 categories and survival (DMFS = Distant metastases-free survival, OS = Overall survival). RESULTS: Twenty three out of 120 patients (19.2%) achieved pathologic complete remission (pCR), whereas partial remission (pPR) and no response (pNR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was detected in 60.8% and 20.0%, respectively. The distribution of subtypes showed a significant difference in pathological response groups (p < 0.001). Most of the TNBC cases were represented in pCR group. The most relevant cut-off value for the Ki-67 distinguishing pCR from pNR cases was 20% (p = 0.002). No significant threshold for Ki-67 was found regarding DMFS (p = 0.208). Considering OS, the optimal cut-off point occurred at 15% Ki-67 (p = 0.006). The pPR group represented a significant Ki-67 threshold at 30% regarding OS (p = 0.001). Ki-67 and pPR subgroups were not significantly associated (p = 0.653). For prognosis prediction, Ki-67 at 30% cut-off value (p = 0.040) furthermore subtype (p = 0.037) as well as pathological response (p = 0.044) were suitable to separate patients into good and unfavorable prognosis cohorts regarding OS. However, in multivariate analyses, only Ki-67 at 30% threshold (p = 0.029), and subtype (p = 0.008) were independently linked to OS. CONCLUSIONS: NAC is more efficient in tumors with at least 20% Ki-67 LI. Both Ki-67 LI and subtype showed a significant association with pathological response. Ki-67 LI represented independent prognostic potential to OS in our neoadjuvant patient cohort, while pathological response did not. Additionally, our data also suggest that if a tumor is non-responder to NAC, increased Ki-67 is a poor prognostic marker

Response evaluation after primary systemic therapy of Her2 positive breast cancer - an observational cross-sectional study

AIM: To evaluate (I) trastuzumab-containing primary systemic therapy (PST) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) overexpressing breast carcinomas.; (II) compare the patients who achieved and those who did not achieve pathological complete remission (pCR), and (III) analyze the accuracy of different clinical-imaging modalities in tumor response monitoring. METHODS: 188 patients who received PST between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed and 43 Her2 overexpressing breast cancer patients (28 Luminal B/Her2-positive and 15 Her2-positive) were enrolled. 26 patients received mostly taxane-based PST without trastuzumab (Group 1) and 17 patients received trastuzumab-containing PST (Group 2). We compared the concordance between pCR and complete remission (CR) defined by breast-ultrasound, CR defined by standard 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography and computerized tomography (FDG-PET/CT) criteria (Method 1) and CR defined by a novel, breast cancer specific FDG-PET/CT criteria (Method 2). Sensitivity (sens), specificity (spec), and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. RESULTS: Ten patients (38.5%) in Group 1 and eight (47%) in Group 2 achieved pCR. pCR was significantly more frequent in Her2-positive than in Luminal B/Her2-positive tumors in both Group 1: (P=0.043) and Group 2: (P=0.029). PET/CT evaluated by the breast cancer specific criteria (Method 2) differentiated pCR from non-pCR more accurately in both groups (Group 1: sens=77.8%, spec=%, PPV=100%, NPV=71.4%; Group 2: sens=87.5%, spec=62.5%, PPV=70%, NPV=83.3%) than standard PET/CT criteria (Method 1) (Group 1: sens=22.2% spec=100% PPV=100% NPV=41.7%; in Group 2: sens=37.5%, spec=87.5%, PPV=75% NPV=58.3%) or breast ultrasound (Group 1, sens=83.3% spec=25% PPV=62.5% NPV=50%; Group 2, sens=100% spec=12.5% PPV=41.6% NPV=100%). CONCLUSION: The benefit of targeted treatment with trastuzumab-containing PST in Her2 overexpressing breast cancer was defined in terms of pCR rate. Luminal B/Her2-positive subtype needs further subdivision to identify patients who would benefit from PST. Combined evaluation of tumor response by our novel, breast cancer specific FDG-PET/CT criteria accurately differentiated pCR from non-pCR patients

Légútbiztosítás koronavírus-fertőzött betegekben

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Kritikus állapotú, légzéstámogatást igénylő COVID-19-fertőzött beteg ellátásának gyakorlati szempontjai

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