Características y consecuencias de las agresiones sexuales en adolescentes consultantes en un centro de salud sexual y reproductiva

Antecedentes: La agresión sexual es un evento traumático y doloroso que afecta de manera transversal, a las víctimas de ambos sexos, de todos los niveles socioeconómicos con graves consecuencias para la salud física, psicológica y social para quienes la sufren. Objetivo: Determinar las características de las agresiones sexuales y sus consecuencias en adolescentes consultantes en un centro de atención en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Método: Estudio analítico de corte transversal de 573 adolescentes atendidas en un centro de medicina reproductiva (CEMERA) en el período 2003-2010 y que reportaron antecedente de abuso sexual. Se estudiaron tanto las características como las consecuencias del abuso, datos que se obtuvieron desde las fichas clínicas. Resultados: En el 86,5 % de los casos se reportó abuso sexual y en un 13,5% violación. El 48,5% de los agresores son familiares. La edad más vulnerable fue entre 5-9 años con un 41,2%. En el 39,2% el abuso sexual fue reiterado. En un 43,4% el lugar fue el propio hogar de la víctima. Un 70% reveló y de estos el 45,9% lo hizo en forma tardía. Sólo en un 19% se hizo la denuncia legal. De las adolescentes que iniciaron actividad sexual voluntaria (83,3%), un 35,4% tenía menos de 15 años. Un 11,8% reportó 3 y más parejas sexuales. Conclusión: El antecedente de abuso sexual debe ser considerado en la atención de adolescentes que consultan por salud sexual y reproductiva. El equipo de salud debe estar preparado para atender sus múltiples necesidades

Características de la educación sexual escolar recibida y su asociación con la edad de inicio sexual y uso de anticonceptivos en adolescentes chilenas sexualmente activas

Antecedentes: La educación sexual integral en el contexto escolar es uno de los pilares fundamentales para prevenir embarazos e infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes. Objetivo: Analizar las características de la educación sexual escolar recibida y su asociación con la edad de inicio sexual y uso de anticonceptivo en adolescentes consultantes en un centro de salud sexual y reproductiva. Método: Estudio analítico de corte transversal realizado en 1.232 adolescentes mujeres de nivel socioeconómico medio y bajo atendidas en un centro de salud sexual y reproductiva durante 2007-2011. La información fue obtenida desde una entrevista estructurada aplicada al ingreso. Resultados: El 92,8% reportó haber recibido alguna forma de educación sexual en el colegio, un 51,6% reconoció el colegio como principal fuente de información en métodos anticonceptivos. Tener como fuente principal de conocimiento en métodos anticonceptivos el colegio fue asociado a inicio sexual más tardío y uso de método anticonceptivo. Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio muestran que dada la prevalencia de conocimientos anticonceptivos (92,8%) y que solo el 1% de las adolescentes que había recibido educación sexual en sus respectivos colegios se había embarazado podemos afirmar que la educación sexual recibida por las adolescentes del estudio fue al menos adecuada.Background: Comprehensive sex education in the school context is one of fundamental pillars to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in adolescents. Aim: to analyze the characteristics of the sexuality information received in school and its association with age of sexual initiation and contraceptive use in adolescents consulting a center for sexual and reproductive health. Methods: Analytical crosssectional study performed in 1,232 adolescent women of medium and low socio-economic status attending to a sexual and reproductive health center during 2007-2011. Information was obtained from a structured interview applied at first visit. Results: 92.8% reported receiving some form of sex education at school, 51.6% recognized the school as the main source of information on contraception. Having as a main source of knowledge in school contraceptives was associated with later sexual initiation and contraceptive use. Conclusion: The study results show that given the contraceptive prevalence (92.8%) knowledge and that only 1% of adolescents who had received sex education in their schools had been pregnant can say that sex education received by adolescents study was at least adequate

Factors associated with maintenance of contraception among adolescents Factores asociados a la continuidad del uso anticonceptivo en adolescentes solteras nulíparas

Background: Factors such as personal issues, family, sexuality and sexual partner characteristics are strongly associated with contraceptive continuation among single, nulliparous female adolescents. Aim: To determine factors associated to contraceptive maintenance among female nulliparous adolescents. Material and methods: A cohort of 2,811 adolescents, who confidentially requested contraception in a sexual and reproductive health university center from 1990 to 2006 was analyzed. Two years after the request, their clinical records were reviewed to determine the time and length of contraception. Using life table analysis, the variables related to continuation or discontinuation of contraception were identified. Results: Factors associated with a longer contraceptive use were a lower age at the moment of initiating the method, a better academic achievement and aspirations, higher schooling of the partner, higher age of the mother, having an adolescent mother, supervision of permission

Factors associated with sexual debut in adolescents of both sexes from medium-low socioeconomic level of Metropolitan Region Factores asociados al inicio sexual en adolescentes de ambos sexos de nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo de la Región Metropolitana

Background: Little evidence is available from Chile concerning adolescent people's sexual debut. Objective: To examine which variables previously identified were associated to the sexual activity in adolescent populations in precarious economic settings of Metropolitan Region. Method: Data from a population of adolescents attending at CEMERA were used to compare those who had sexual debut and those who had not. Analysis used data collected at the adolescent's first visit of 5,854 adolescents, both sexes, aged 12-19. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with sexual debut. Results: 92.6% were females and 7.4% males. 84.2% adolescents had sexual debut and 15.8% did not. Variables associated with sexual debut were: gender (male); age (older); education (higher): low academic aspirations (finishing high school only); low academic performance; repeating an academic year; no religious affiliation; no attendance at religious services; having a job; having an older partn

La suerte de las madres adolescentes y sus hijos: un estudio de caso sobre la transmisión de pobreza en Santiago de Chile

Incluye BibliografíaExamina los temas: relación entre maternidad adolescente, jefatura de hogar femenina y formación de familias; el aporte económico y el abandono del progenitor; la respuesta laboral de la madre adolescente; influencias en el bienestar de los hijos de madres adolescentes; y oportunidades de vida de estas madres

Pregnant again? Perspectives of adolescent and young mothers who and do not experience a repeat pregnancy in adolescence

Introduction: Teen pregnancy remains a major social and public health issue in developing countries. Each additional child compromises the development of both the mother and children. Scarce studies have been performed in Latin America. Purpose: This study explores and analyzes individual and family factors associated with repeat pregnancies during adolescence to better elucidate the phenomenon. Methods: Qualitative-descriptive study. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers 20 years of age or younger from urban areas of Santiago, Chile. Participants were divided into Repeat Pregnancy (RP) and No Repeat Pregnancy (NRP) groups. Qualitative data analysis was based on elements of grounded theory. Results: The RP group generally related life stories reflecting greater psychosocial vulnerability. Most of the RP group dropped out of school after their first pregnancy to focus on parenting and had a passive attitude towards contraception. In contrast, members of the NRP group actively sought long-term contraceptive methods, motivated largely by the desire to continue their education to improve their living conditions and achieve greater personal fulfilment. They tended to have family support networks that facilitated school retention. Conclusion: Key differences between groups included use of contraception, focus on life projects, and motivation to finish school. Prevention strategies should promote long-term contraceptive methods, offer strategies to help young mothers continue their education, facilitate achievement of personal projects, and provide support for parenting