Att göra vad man kan med det man har: En kvalitativ studie om copingresursers roll i livet för personer med en alkoholiserad förälder

The aim of this study is to, with depth in the coping theory presented by Lazarus and Folkman, analyse two different self biographies written by people brought up in families with an alcoholic mother. Namely “Vi har inga hemligheter i den här familjen” by Therése Eriksson and “Glöm mig” by Alex Schulman. The focus is to investigate which coping resources the authors used to deal with their life situation. Additionally, similarities and differences of the two peoples methods will be investigated. The questions to be answered are How are the authors coping resources manifested?, In which ways are the coping resources influenced and integrated by the use of them? and Which differences and similarities can be identified?. The field of investigation is deemed interesting due to its high actuality for the social worker profession. The applied method is one of quantitative data, where coded material from the self biographies are mapped through a Framework matrix. Throughout the study ethical factors such as treating the authors stories with respect were considered. It became evident that the two authors showed evidence of both similarities and dissimilarities regarding coping resources. The results also showed how coping resources integrate with each other on different levels. Both when access to coping resources have been limited and vast

Utländsk närvaro i bolagsstyrelser - En analys av anglo-amerikanska ledamöters påverkan på prestationen i bolag på Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap-lista

Titel: Utländsk närvaro i bolagsstyrelser på Stockholm Large Cap Seminariedatum: 2012-06-05 Kurs: FEKP01 Företagsekonomi: Examensarbete magisternivå, 15 hp Författare: Karl Grudén & Anders Molin Nyckelord: Anglo-amerikanska styrelseledamöter, anglo-amerikanska börslistningar, Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap-lista, corporate governance-system, Tobins Q Handledare: Jens Forssbäck Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera eventuella samband mellan andelen anglo- amerikanska styrelsemedlemmar i företag och dess prestation på Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap-lista. Metod och Empiri: Studien utgår från en deduktiv ansats och använder en kvantitativ metod. I studien undersöks paneldata med multipel regressionsanalys. 44 bolag på Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap-lista observeras över 3 år, vilket ger totalt 132 observationer. Datainsamling sker i respektive bolags årsredovisning samt från Datastream. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Det teoretiska perspektivet består av corporate governance, agentteorin, definition av Tobins Q samt tidigare studier. Slutsats: Slutsatsen från denna studie är att det inte finns ett signifikant samband mellan andelen anglo-amerikanska styrelsemedlemmar i företag och dess prestation på Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap-lista.Title: Foreign presence in company boards of Stockholm's Large Cap list Seminar date: 2012-06-05 Course: Master thesis in business administration, 15 University Credit Points (15 ECTS) Authors: Karl Grudén & Anders Molin Advisor: Jens Forssbäck Key words: Anglo-american board members, anglo-american stock exchange listings, Stockholm exchange Large Cap list, corporate governance systems, Tobins Q. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze if there is a correlation between the proportion of anglo-american board members of a company and its performance at the Stockholm exchange Large Cap list. Methodology and Empirical foundation: The study is based on a deductive method and uses a quantitative approach. The study examines panel data with multiple regression analysis. 44 companies on the Stockholm exchange Large Cap list are observed over three years, giving a total of 132 observations. Data collection comes from each company's annual report and from Datastream. Theoretical perspective: The theoretical approach consists of corporate governance, agency theory, the definition of Tobin's Q and previous studies. Conclusions: This study does not show a significant relation between anglo-american board members and performance on the Stockholm exchange Large Cap list

Towards Grading Gleason Score using Generically Trained Deep convolutional Neural Networks

We developed an automatic algorithm with the purpose to assist pathologists to report Gleason score on malignant prostatic adenocarcinoma specimen. In order to detect and classify the cancerous tissue, a deep convolutional neural network that had been pre-trained on a large set of photographic images was used. A specific aim was to support intuitive interaction with the result, to let pathologists adjust and correct the output. Therefore, we have designed an algorithm that makes a spatial classification of the whole slide into the same growth patterns as pathologists do. The 22-layer network was cut at an earlier layer and the output from that layer was used to train both a random forest classifier and a support vector machines classifier. At a specific layer a small patch of the image was used to calculate a feature vector and an image is represented by a number of those vectors. We have classified both the individual patches and the entire images. The classification results were compared for different scales of the images and feature vectors from two different layers from the network. Testing was made on a dataset consisting of 213 images, all containing a single class, benign tissue or Gleason score 3-5. Using 10-fold cross validation the accuracy per patch was 81 %. For whole images, the accuracy was increased to 89 %

Assume/Guarantee Contracts for Dynamical Systems:Theory and Computational Tools

Modern engineering systems include many components of different types and functions. Verifying that these systems satisfy given specifications can be an arduous task, as most formal verification methods are limited to systems of moderate size. Recently, contract theory has been proposed as a modular framework for defining specifications. In this paper, we present a contract theory for discrete-time dynamical control systems relying on assume/guarantee contracts, which prescribe assumptions on the input of the system and guarantees on the output. We then focus on contracts defined by linear constraints, and develop efficient computational tools for verification of satisfaction and refinement based on linear programming. We exemplify these tools in a simulation example, proving safety for a two-vehicle autonomous driving setting.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Intragenic repeat expansion in the cell wall protein gene HPF1 controls yeast chronological aging

Aging varies among individuals due to both genetics and environment, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a highly recombined Saccharomyces cerevisiae population, we found 30 distinct quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control chronological life span (CLS) in calorie-rich and calorie-restricted environments and under rapamycin exposure. Calorie restriction and rapamycin extended life span in virtually all genotypes but through different genetic variants. We tracked the two major QTLs to the cell wall glycoprotein genes FLO11 and HPF1. We found that massive expansion of intragenic tandem repeats within the N-terminal domain of HPF1 was sufficient to cause pronounced life span shortening. Life span impairment by HPF1 was buffered by rapamycin but not by calorie restriction. The HPF1 repeat expansion shifted yeast cells from a sedentary to a buoyant state, thereby increasing their exposure to surrounding oxygen. The higher oxygenation altered methionine, lipid, and purine metabolism, and inhibited quiescence, which explains the life span shortening. We conclude that fast-evolving intragenic repeat expansions can fundamentally change the relationship between cells and their environment with profound effects on cellular lifestyle and longevity

The structure of a prokaryotic viral envelope protein expands the landscape of membrane fusion proteins

Lipid membrane fusion is an essential function in many biological processes. Detailed mechanisms of membrane fusion and the protein structures involved have been mainly studied in eukaryotic systems, whereas very little is known about membrane fusion in prokaryotes. Haloarchaeal pleomorphic viruses (HRPVs) have a membrane envelope decorated with spikes that are presumed to be responsible for host attachment and membrane fusion. Here we determine atomic structures of the ectodomains of the 57-kDa spike protein VP5 from two related HRPVs revealing a previously unreported V-shaped fold. By Volta phase plate cryo-electron tomography we show that VP5 is monomeric on the viral surface, and we establish the orientation of the molecules with respect to the viral membrane. We also show that the viral membrane fuses with the host cytoplasmic membrane in a process mediated by VP5. This sheds light on protein structures involved in prokaryotic membrane fusion.Peer reviewe

Genetically controlled mtDNA deletions prevent ROS damage by arresting oxidative phosphorylation

Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes is currently attributed to rare accidental events associated with mitochondrial replication or repair of double-strand breaks. We report the discovery that yeast cells arrest harmful intramitochondrial superoxide production by shutting down respiration through genetically controlled deletion of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes. We show that this process critically involves the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 and two-way mitochondrial-nuclear communication through Rtg2 and Rtg3. While mitochondrial DNA homeostasis is rapidly restored after cessation of a short-term superoxide stress, long-term stress causes maladaptive persistence of the deletion process, leading to complete annihilation of the cellular pool of intact mitochondrial genomes and irrevocable loss of respiratory ability. This shows that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial impairment may be under strict regulatory control. If the results extend to human cells, the results may prove to be of etiological as well as therapeutic importance with regard to age-related mitochondrial impairment and disease

Predicting breast tumor proliferation from whole-slide images : the TUPAC16 challenge

Tumor proliferation is an important biomarker indicative of the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Assessment of tumor proliferation in a clinical setting is a highly subjective and labor-intensive task. Previous efforts to automate tumor proliferation assessment by image analysis only focused on mitosis detection in predefined tumor regions. However, in a real-world scenario, automatic mitosis detection should be performed in whole-slide images (WSIs) and an automatic method should be able to produce a tumor proliferation score given a WSI as input. To address this, we organized the TUmor Proliferation Assessment Challenge 2016 (TUPAC16) on prediction of tumor proliferation scores from WSIs. The challenge dataset consisted of 500 training and 321 testing breast cancer histopathology WSIs. In order to ensure fair and independent evaluation, only the ground truth for the training dataset was provided to the challenge participants. The first task of the challenge was to predict mitotic scores, i.e., to reproduce the manual method of assessing tumor proliferation by a pathologist. The second task was to predict the gene expression based PAM50 proliferation scores from the WSI. The best performing automatic method for the first task achieved a quadratic-weighted Cohen's kappa score of κ = 0.567, 95% CI [0.464, 0.671] between the predicted scores and the ground truth. For the second task, the predictions of the top method had a Spearman's correlation coefficient of r = 0.617, 95% CI [0.581 0.651] with the ground truth. This was the first comparison study that investigated tumor proliferation assessment from WSIs. The achieved results are promising given the difficulty of the tasks and weakly-labeled nature of the ground truth. However, further research is needed to improve the practical utility of image analysis methods for this task

Proceedings of the second international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting

Disease classification system increasingly incorporates information on pathogenic mechanisms to predict clinical outcomes and response to therapy and intervention. Technological advancements to interrogate omics (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, interactomics, etc.) provide widely-open opportunities in population-based research. Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) represents integrative science of molecular pathology and epidemiology. This unified paradigm requires multidisciplinary collaboration between pathology, epidemiology, biostatistics, bioinformatics, and computational biology. Integration of these fields enables better understanding of etiologic heterogeneity, disease continuum, causal inference, and the impact of environment, diet, lifestyle, host factors (including genetics and immunity), and their interactions on disease evolution. Hence, the Second International MPE Meeting was held in Boston in December 2014, with aims to: (1) develop conceptual and practical frameworks; (2) cultivate and expand opportunities; (3) address challenges; and (4) initiate the effort of specifying guidelines for MPE. The meeting mainly consisted of presentations of method developments and recent data in various malignant neoplasms and tumors (breast, prostate, ovarian and colorectal cancers, renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and leukemia), followed by open discussion sessions on challenges and future plans. In particular, we recognized need for efforts to further develop statistical methodologies. This meeting provided an unprecedented opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration, consistent with the purposes of the BD2K (Big Data to Knowledge), GAME-ON (Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology), and Precision Medicine Initiatives of the U.S.A. National Institute of Health. The MPE Meeting Series can help advance transdisciplinary population science, and optimize training and education systems for 21st century medicine and public health