Efficient and automated start-up of a pilot reactor for nitritation of reject water : from batch granulation to high rate continuous operation

An automated sequencing batch reactor operation based on online measurement of the ammonium concentration was investigated as a tool for improving the start-up of a nitrifying granular airlift reactor. The effectiveness of this start-up procedure was verified with the characteristics of the developed granular sludge but also the improvement of the start-up was confirmed when comparing with the results achieved with two continuous-mode start-up strategies. Once a stable granular biomass was obtained, the reactor started to operate in continuous mode during more than 100 days, maintaining the characteristics of the granular biomass and achieving a nitrogen loading rate of 1.75 g N L⁻¹ d⁻¹. The intermittent recirculation of small flocs of nitrifying biomass was explored as an alternative to increase the biomass concentration in the reactor and consequently, to increase the treated loading rate

Increasing resource circularity in wastewater treatment : Environmental implications of technological upgrades

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MAcord transformatiu CRUE-CSICA paradigm shift is needed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to progress from traditional pollutant removal to resource recovery. However, whether this transformation produces overall environmental benefits will depend on the efficient and sustainable use of resources by emerging technologies. Given that many of these technologies are still being tested at the pilot scale, there is a lack of environmental assessments quantifying their impacts and benefits. In particular, an integrated approach to energy and nutrient recovery can elucidate the potential configurations for WWTPs. In this study, we conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) of emergent wastewater treatment technologies aimed at increasing resource circularity in WWTPs. We focus on increasing energy self-sufficiency through biogas upgrades and a more radical circular approach aimed at nutrient recovery. Based on a case-study WWTP, we compare its current configuration with (1) implementing autotrophic nitrogen removal in the mainstream and deriving most of the organic matter for biogas production, which increases the quality and quantity of biogas available for energy production; (2) implementing struvite recovery through enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) as a radical approach to phosphorus management, offering an alternative to mineral fertilizer; and (3) a combination of both approaches. The results show that incremental changes in biogas production are insufficient for compensating for the environmental investment in infrastructure, although autotrophic nitrogen removal is beneficial for increasing the quality of the effluent. Combined phosphorus and energy recovery reduce the environmental impacts from the avoided use of fertilizers and phosphorus and the nitrogen release into water bodies. An integrated approach to resource management in WWTPs is thus desirable and creates new opportunities toward the implementation of circular strategies with low environmental impact in cities

Efficient and automated start-up of a pilot reactor for nitritation of reject water : from batch granulation to high rate continuous operation

An automated sequencing batch reactor operation based on online measurement of the ammonium concentration was investigated as a tool for improving the start-up of a nitrifying granular airlift reactor. The effectiveness of this start-up procedure was verified with the characteristics of the developed granular sludge but also the improvement of the start-up was confirmed when comparing with the results achieved with two continuous-mode start-up strategies. Once a stable granular biomass was obtained, the reactor started to operate in continuous mode during more than 100 days, maintaining the characteristics of the granular biomass and achieving a nitrogen loading rate of 1.75 g N L⁻¹ d⁻¹. The intermittent recirculation of small flocs of nitrifying biomass was explored as an alternative to increase the biomass concentration in the reactor and consequently, to increase the treated loading rate

Cinco grandes conciertos

Direcció Artística Napoleone AnnovazziEmpresa José F. ArquerIntèrprets : Carmen Pérez Durias, Lolita Torrento, Pura Gómez, Rosario Gómez, Luis Corbella, Christian Ferrás, Narciso YepesOrquesta sinfónica del Gran Teatro del Liceo; directors Jascha Horenstein, Henry Swoboda, Eduard Toldrà, Philip WestPrograma de la temporada de quaresma del 1952, del 6 al 16 de març, que inclou: Simfonia número 7 de Ludwig van Beethoven; Adagio e Allegro de Luigi Boccherini; Primera Simfonia i Sonata en Fa Major de Johannes Brahms; Concert per a violoncel i orquestra d'Antonin Dvórak; Papillon opus 77 de Gabriel Fauré; Música de baile d'André Gretry; Capriccio opus 8 i Nobilissima Visione de Paul Hindemith; obertura de Le Nozze de Figaro, Simfonia Júpiter en Do, Serenata Nocturna i Concert per a dos pianos i orquetra de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; Simfonia de Pergolesi; Obertura de Manfred de Robert Schumann; obertura de Prodaná Nevesta de Bedrich Smetana; Canción de El cisne negro d'Heitor Villalobos; Die Meistersinger von Nuremberg de Richard Wagner; Tarantella opus 23 d'Alfredo Carlo Piatti; Suite italiana d'Igor Stravinsky; Quarta simfonia i Variacions d'un tema rococó de Piotr Ilitx Txaikowski; Homenaje a la Tempranica, Concierto de Aranjuez per a guitarra i orquestra, Cansoneta per a violí i orquestra de corda, Concert per a violí i orquestra, Quatre madrigals amatoris per a soprano i orquestra i Ausencias de Dulcinea, de Joaquín Rodrig