Gestion des connaissances : préambule à un portrait

Pour des raisons de performance, innovation ou compétitivité, les connaissances sont devenues une ressource de première importance dans les organisations de l’économie du savoir. Gérer les connaissances explicites et tacites représente une stratégie ayant ses propres concepts, méthodes, outils, qui attirent l’attention des spécialistes. En appliquant une analyse à un corpus d’articles scientifiques, cette étude se propose d’identifier les domaines traitant ou mettant en application la gestion des connaissances, afin de dresser un inventaire de ses champs d’étude et/ou d’application et contribuer ainsi à une meilleure compréhension de ses bénéfices. Ce texte présente des résultats préliminaires : douze domaines d’étude identifiés comme abordant la gestion des connaissances, à comparer aux résultats de la deuxième étape de la recherche (en cours), pour finalement élaborer un portrait de la gestion des connaissances et des aires d’études reliées.By reason of performance, innovation or competitiveness, knowledge has become an important resource for organisations in the knowledge economy. Managing the explicit and the tacit knowledge represents a strategy with its own concepts, methods, and tools, which draws the attention of specialists. Through an analysis on a corpus of scientific articles, this study aims to identify those fields related to, or utilizing knowledge management. The objective of this task is to draft an inventory of study fields and of the various applications of managing knowledge, thus to contribute to a better understanding of its benefits. This paper sums up the preliminary results of this two-part analysis : twelve fields have been identified as bearing an interest in knowledge management; they will be compared to the results obtained in the second part of the analysis (in progress), in order to work out a portrait of knowledge management and its related study areas

Tantalum oxide coatings as candidate environmental barriers

Tantalum (Ta) oxide, due to its high-temperature capabilities and thermal expansion coefficient similar to silicon nitride, is a promising candidate for environmental barriers for silicon (Si) nitride-based ceramics. This paper focuses on the development of plasma-sprayed Ta oxide as an environmental barrier coating for silicon nitride. Using a D-optimal design of experiments, plasma-spray processing variables were optimized to maximize coating density. The effect of processing variables on coating thickness was also determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was use to ascertain that the as-sprayed coatings were comprised of α- and β-Ta2O5, but were fully converted to β-Ta_2O_5 after a 1200 °C heat treatment. Grain growth of the Ta_2O_5 followed a time dependence of t^(0.2) at 1200 °C

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection and HPV Vaccination: Assessing the Level of Knowledge among Students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu Mures, Romania

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, a cause in the development of cervical cancer, remains a topic of great interest. About 80% of sexually active women are at risk of acquiring an HPV infection at some point in life, the peak incidence of infection having been identified in young women. The aim of the study was to assess medical students’ knowledge and attitudes about sexually transmitted diseases, HPV infection, HPV vaccinations, and the students’ sexual behaviour. Material and method: A transversal study was conducted by applying a questionnaire to students on the first and 6th year of school at the Faculty of Medicine of Tirgu Mures University, Romania. Results: The study resulted in 522 questionnaires fully completed. The percentages of students who have heard about HPV were 82.1% from the first year and 99.1% from the 6th year of medicine school, but the level of knowledge was different: 62% of senior students had a good or very good level of knowledge, whereas 55.1% of first year students, had little knowledge on the topic. About 75% of 6th year students would have their child vaccinated against HPV, compared with only 52.4% of first year students (p &lt;0.001). Conclusions: The level of knowledge about HPV infection among students in their first year of medicine school is rather low, significantly lower compared to year 6th year students, which suggests acquiring some basic information in this area since the first year of college or even high school.</p

Ultrasonographic assessment of the cutaneous changes induced by topical flavonoid therapy

Ultrasonography allows the quantification of dermal density and echogenicity changes during the physiological senescence process. Some active ingredients are able to slow down the tissular degeneration and disorganization process. The purpose of this study was to assess the cutaneous changes induced by the topical use of products containing Viniferol® as active ingredient, using high-frequency ultrasound. The study was performed over 12 weeks and included 80 healthy Caucasian female subjects, aged 22–75 years, divided into two groups: the study group and the control group. The product was applied according to a predetermined protocol. The measurements performed for each subject were: the thickness of the epidermis and dermis (mm), the number of low, medium, and high echogenic pixels, and the number of low echogenic pixels in the upper dermis/number of low echogenic pixels in the lower dermis. All the parameters showed a significant improvement. Ultrasound measurements showed an increase of the mean thickness of the epidermis (P < 0.0001) and dermis (P < 0.0001) following the application of the Viniferol product as compared to the control group. The changes in the dermal echogenicity confirm the efficacy and direct action of Viniferol upon the cutaneous fibroblasts. No side effects related to the treatment were recorded. The study proves the efficacy of this active ingredient in the cutaneous senescence process as well, as the fact that anti-aging prophylaxis should be initiated in the 20–40 year critical age group. This interval involves specific changes in dermal echogenicity that quantify intense molecular, biochemical and structural changes, being thus mostly and highly responsive to the anti-aging therapy

Rezultate privind corelaţiile fenotipice între caracterele morfo-decorative la unele soiuri de Dahlia Variabilis tip cactus

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of planting material (forced and unforced tuberous roots) on some morpho-decorative characteristics of seven Dahlia variabilis cactus type cultivars: 'Kennemerland', 'Tsuki Yori No Sisha', 'Hayley Jane', 'Purple Gem', 'Star Favourite', 'Park Princess', and 'Friqoulet'. The biometrical observations regarding the morpho-decorative characteristics consisted in assessing: the average number of shoots per plant, the average height of flower stems, the average diameter of inflorescence, the average number of inflorescence per plant and the average number of ligulate florets per inflorescence. Between these characteristics there were made some phenotypic correlations. Following the interpretation of the results regarding the biometrical determinations using Duncan test, it is evident that by forcing the tuberous roots the results obtained are superior for the analyzed characteristics compared to plants with unforced tuberous roots. The most positive results for the correlation coefficient, respectively significant and significantly distinct were registered for the variants of unforced tuberous roots

High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure determination, and a Ca substitution study of the metallic rhodium oxide NaRh2O4

The sodium rhodate NaRh2O4 was synthesized for the first time and characterized by neutron and X-ray diffraction studies and measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity, and the Seebeck coefficient. NaRh2O4 crystallizes in the CaFe2O4-type structure, which is comprised of a characteristic RhO6 octahedral network. The compound is metallic in nature, probably reflecting the 1:1 mixed valence character of Rh(III) and Rh(IV) in the network. For further studies of the compound, the Rh valence was varied significantly by means of an aliovalent substitution: the full-range solid solution between NaRh2O4 and CaRh2O 4 was achieved and characterized as well. The metallic state was dramatically altered, and a peculiar magnetism developed in the low Na concentration range

Interaction of p21CDKN1A with PCNA regulates the histone acetyltransferase activity of p300 in nucleotide excision repair

The cell-cycle inhibitor p21CDKN1A has been suggested to directly participate in DNA repair, thanks to the interaction with PCNA. Yet, its role has remained unclear. Among proteins interacting with both p21 and PCNA, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 has been shown to participate in DNA repair. Here we report evidence indicating that p21 protein localizes and interacts with both p300 and PCNA at UV-induced DNA damage sites. The interaction between p300 and PCNA is regulated in vivo by p21. Indeed, loss of p21, or its inability to bind PCNA, results in a prolonged binding to chromatin and an increased association of p300 with PCNA, in UV-irradiated cells. Concomitantly, HAT activity of p300 is reduced after DNA damage. In vitro experiments show that inhibition of p300 HAT activity induced by PCNA is relieved by p21, which disrupts the association between recombinant p300 and PCNA. These results indicate that p21 is required during DNA repair to regulate p300 HAT activity by disrupting its interaction with PCNA