ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНОЇ ОБРОБКИ НА ЯКІСТЬ МЯСНИХ НАПІВФАБРИКАТІВ ТА ПРОДУКТІВ З ГІДРОБІОНТІВ

The process of meat and fish semi-finished products thermal treatment is inefficient in terms of energy costs and heavy losses of raw materials. Therefore improvement of processes of meat and fish semi-finished products thermal treatment  is an actual scientific task. It is possible to intensify process of thermal treatment by use of different physical methods therefore the purpose of work is research of influence of the rotating electromagnetic field on an intensification of meat and fish semi-finished products thermal treatment. For the solution of an objective researches of influence of a alternating magnetic field on an intensification of process of thermal treatment of semi-finished products of meat and fish raw materials and quality of finished products were conducted. Results of research showed that processing of meat and fish semi-finished products in an electromagnetic field allows to reduce duration of their thermal treatment and to increase quality of finished goods by reduction of a microbial contamination of semi-finished products and finished products.  Процесс тепловой обработки мясных и рыбных полуфабрикатов является  малоэффективным с точки зрения расхода энергоносителя и больших потерь сырья. Поэтому усовершенствование процессов тепловой обработки мясных и рыбных полуфабрикатов является актуальной научной задачей.Интенсифицировать процесс тепловой обработки можно путем использования разных физических методов, поэтому целью работы является исследование влияния вращающегося электромагнитного поля на интенсификацию тепловой обработки мясных и рыбных полуфабрикатов.Для решения поставленной задачи были проведены исследования влияния переменного электромагнитного поля на  интенсификацию процесса тепловой обработки полуфабрикатов из мясного и рыбного сырья и качество готовых изделий.Результаты исследования показали, что обработка мясных и рыбных полуфабрикатов в электромагнитном поле позволяет уменьшить длительность их тепловой обработки и повысить качество готовой продукции путем уменьшения микробиологического обсеменения полуфабрикатов и готовых изделий.Процес теплового оброблення м'ясних та рибних напівфабрикатів є  малоефективним з точки зору витрат енергоносіїв і великих втрат вихідної сировини. Тому удосконалення процесів теплового оброблення м’ясних та рибних напівфабрикатів є актуальною науковою задачею. Інтенсифікувати процес теплового оброблення можливо шляхом використання різних фізичних методів, тому метою роботи є дослідження впливу обертового електромагнітного поля на інтенсифікацію теплового оброблення м’ясних та рибних напівфабрикатів. Для вирішення поставленої задачі були проведені дослідження впливу змінного електромагнітного поля на  інтенсифікацію процесу теплового оброблення напівфабрикатів з м’ясної і рибної сировини та якість готових виробів. Результати дослідження показали, що оброблення м’ясних та рибних напівфабрикатів в електромагнітному полі дозволяє зменшити тривалість їх теплового оброблення та підвищити якість готової продукції шляхом зменшення мікробіологічного обсіменіння напівфабрикатів та готових виробів. &nbsp

Development of Parental Competence Trough Psychological and Pedagogical Support for Families in the Upbringing of Hearing-Impaired Children

Background. Te need for psychological and pedagogical support for families in the upbringing of hearing-impaired children makes it imperative to develop innovative methods and an efective model of interaction between the family and a special needs educational institution, to improve parental competence. Objective. To study the psychological content of parental competence (its cognitive, value-motivational; emotional and behavioral components) and to evaluate parental competence through psychological and pedagogical support for families in the upbringing of hearing-impaired children. Design. Eighty-seven families with hearing-impaired children from a special needs educational institution in Kursk, Russian Federation, participated in the experimental study. Te researchers took measurements at two time points, baseline and followup. At baseline, we made a diagnostic assessment of the psychological content of parental competence. At followup, we evaluated the development of parental competence resulting from the psychological and pedagogical support for these families. Results. Te cognitive component was characterized by predominant unanimity between the parents in the upbringing of hearing-impaired children, and a partnership relationship in communicating with them. Te emotional component was represented by the absence of difculties in understanding the causes of the children’s emotional state and an orientation towards the child’s emotional state during interactions or physical contact. Terminal values (such as health, happy family life) and instrumental values (such as responsibility, honesty) were predominant in the value-motivational component. Te behavioral component displayed a predominance of the authoritative style in upbringing, whereby parents realized their important role in the development of a child’s personality and recognized the right of children to self-development. At the same time, the authoritarian style was still signifcant. Conclusion. A model for psychological and pedagogical support of families in the upbringing of hearing-impaired children was developed, tested, and found to be efective

Characterization, mechanism of action and optimization of activity of a novel peptide-peptoid hybrid against bacterial pathogens involved in canine skin infections

Integumentary infections like pyoderma represent the main reason for antimicrobial prescription in dogs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently identified in these infections, and both bacteria are challenging to combat due to resistance. To avoid use of important human antibiotics for treatment of animal infections there is a pressing need for novel narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine. Herein, we characterize the in vitro activity of the novel peptide-peptoid hybrid B1 against canine isolates of S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa. B1 showed potent minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against canine S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa isolates as well rapid killing kinetics. B1 was found to disrupt the membrane integrity and affect cell-wall synthesis in methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). We generated 28 analogues of B1, showing comparable haemolysis and MICs against MRSP and P. aeruginosa. The most active analogues (23, 26) and B1 were tested against a collection of clinical isolates from canine, of which only B1 showed potent activity. Our best compound 26, displayed activity against P. aeruginosa and S. pseudintermedius, but not the closely related S. aureus. This work shows that design of target-specific veterinary antimicrobial agents is possible, even species within a genus, and deserves further exploration

The Importance of Creating Habilitation Programs for Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Aim of the study: to analyze the data of studies aimed at studying and substantiating the urgent need to create in Russia comprehensive habilitation programs for people with fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and other mental disorders.Methods. The results of Russian and foreign studies have been analyzed concerning the following problems: observation and diagnosis of people with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of foreign countries in addressing issues of prevention and overcoming of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of Russian specialists (obstetricians-gynecologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, correctional teachers, etc.) working with the diagnosis of “Alcohol syndrome in the fetus”; assessing the socio-economic impact of organizing programs for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders by comparison with similar indicators in other countries.Results. The presented analysis of the data indicates that there is an urgent need for timely diagnosis of the disease, the search/creation of new drugs, for the treatment of the consequences of alcohol syndrome and the organization of training of specialists in this area. The article shows the importance of providing lifelong medical and social assistance to people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, as well as to their families. The effectiveness of the creation of a system of measures for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders throughout the country has been confirmed.Conclusion. The development at the state level and implementation of prevention programs will significantly reduce the birth rate of children diagnosed with “Alcohol syndrome in the fetus” and, thus, reduce the costs of the state and society on overcoming the consequences of FAS/FASD. At the same time, timely and well-organized habilitation of people with FAS/FASD will significantly improve the social situation in society as a whole, as well as reduce the psychological burden on every family faced with this problem

ФИНАНСОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА

oai:oai.finance.elpub.ru:article/267Defining the content and structure of the research (innovation) potential as part of the total economic potential of the national economy is a debatable issue. A careful study of different definitions allowed us to formulate a synthetic definition of the notion “scientific potential” as a set of resource (tangible) and intellectual (intangible) assets needed for developing innovation in various spheres of economic activities. The basic method applied for studying the research (innovation) potential was a systematic approach. The data presented in the information system of the state statistics were used as a basis for evaluation. In the conditions of intensification and structural modernization of production, the key task in developing the innovation potential is to attract investors who possess financial resources and can acquire advanced technologies to implement innovative projects. Innovative activity of organizations is directly linked to financing of R & D. In Russia, the main part of research spending is covered by the government while in the developed countries, the private sector takes a significant role in financing scientific research. The analysis carried out by the authors proves that there is a variety of ways of attracting financial resources in the field of science.Определение содержания и структуры научного (инновационного) потенциала в составе совокупного экономического потенциала национальной экономики является дискуссионным вопросом. Рассмотрение различных формулировок позволяет вывести синтетическое определение, согласно которому научный потенциал есть совокупность не только ресурсных (материальных), но и интеллектуальных (нематериальных) возможностей для создания инноваций в различных сферах экономической деятельности. Основным методом исследования научного (инновационного) потенциала является системный подход. Базой для его оценки служат данные, представленные в информационной системе государственной статистики. В условиях интенсификации и проведения структурной модернизации производства ключевая задача развития инновационного потенциала состоит в привлечении инвесторов, которые располагают финансовыми ресурсами и могут приобрести современные технологии для реализации инновационных проектов. Инновационная активность организаций напрямую связана с финансированием НИР. В России основная часть расходов на науку осуществляется за счет бюджетных средств, в то время как в развитых зарубежных странах весьма значительную роль в финансировании научных исследований занимает частный бизнес. Проведенный анализ свидетельствует о разнообразии путей формирования финансовых ресурсов в сфере науки

δ15N in Birch and Pine Leaves in the Vicinity of a Large Copper Smelter Indicating a Change in the Conditions of Their Soil Nutrition

δ13C and δ15N were analyzed in the leaves of Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula spp. under the conditions of severe heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) contamination. Twenty-seven plots located near the Karabash copper smelter (Russia) were studied. No reliable correlation of 13C in tree leaves with the level of pollution was observed. δ15N, both in Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp., increased similarly in polluted areas. δ15N was increased by 2.3‰ in the needles of Pinus sylvestris and by 1.6‰ in the leaves of Betula spp. in polluted plots compared to the background ones. The probable reasons for the increase in δ15N were estimated using multiple regression. The regression model, which includes two predictors: δ15N in the humus horizon and the occurrence of roots in the litter, explains 33% of the total variability of δ15N in leaves. Thus, in ecosystems polluted with heavy metals, the state of trees is determined not only by the direct toxic effects of heavy metals but also by indirect ones associated with the features of plant mineral nutrition. This fact opens the way to the search for opportunities to control the state of plants in disturbed ecosystems by regulating the content of mineral nutrition elements. © 2022 by the authors

Structure–Activity Study, Characterization, and Mechanism of Action of an Antimicrobial Peptoid D2 and Its d- and l-Peptide Analogues

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) constitutes an emerging health problem for companion animals in veterinary medicine. Therefore, discovery of novel antimicrobial agents for treatment of Staphylococcus-associated canine infections is urgently needed to reduce use of human antibiotics in veterinary medicine. In the present work, we characterized the antimicrobial activity of the peptoid D2 against S. pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is another common integumentary pathogen in dogs. Furthermore, we performed a structure–activity relationship study of D2, which included 19 peptide/peptoid analogs. Our best compound D2D, an all d-peptide analogue, showed potent minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against canine S. pseudintermedius (2–4 µg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (4 µg/mL) isolates as well as other selected dog pathogens (2–16 µg/mL). Time–kill assays demonstrated that D2D was able to inhibit MRSP in 30 min at 1× MIC, significantly faster than D2. Our results suggest that at high concentrations D2D is rapidly lysing the bacterial membrane while D2 is inhibiting macromolecular synthesis. We probed the mechanism of action at sub-MIC concentrations of D2, D2D, the l-peptide analog and its retro analog by a macromolecular biosynthesis assay and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our data suggest that at sub-MIC concentrations D2D is membrane inactive and primarily works by cell wall inhibition, while the other compounds mainly act on the bacterial membrane

On the question of human life safety in geologically active zones

Today geological active zones unite active faults of lithosphere especially earth’s crust and caused by them zones of increased permeability such as paleo-valleys and underground water flows, karst and geological bodies, that are different in terms of composition and structure from the enclosing rocks. There is an evidence that mortality in geologically active zones increases dramatically, mental instability is detected and road accidents are more frequent. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the frequency of suicides among the residents of Saint Petersburg living above the geologically active zones and outside these zones and the influence of geomagnetic and gravitational disturbances on them. The dynamics of suicides among residents of 446 high-rise building in the territory of the Kalininsky and Vasileostrovsky districts of the city of Saint Petersburg is analyzed. Geological structure of those buildings was most studied. From 1999 to 2003 there were 268 suicides among the residents of such buildings. The group A included homes that were at least 40 m above the nearest tectonic fault. Group B included residential buildings located above or in the immediate vicinity of the faults. During the geomagnetic storms, full moon and new moon periods the number of suicides in a group A decreased. Magnetic storms and gravitational disturbances did not affect the frequency of suicides in a group B. There is also no significant correlation between dynamics of suicides and daily values of the K-index of the geomagnetic field, as well as between dynamics of suicides and the 3-hour geomagnetic activity in both groups. Results of studies presented in this paper show that there is no evidence of a significant negative impact of tectonic faults on people living above them