High-order Legendre collocation method for fractional-order linear semi-explicit differential algebraic equations. ETNA - Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis

This paper is devoted to a high-order Legendre collocation approximation for solving fractional-order linear semi-explicit differential algebraic equations numerically. We discuss existence, uniqueness, and regularity results and conclude that the solutions typically suffer from a singularity at the origin. Moreover, we show that the representation of the approximate solutions by a linear combination of Legendre polynomials leads to unsatisfactory convergence results. To overcome this difficulty, we develop a new regularization approach that removes the singularity of the input data and produces approximate solutions of higher accuracy. Illustrative numerical examples are presented to support the obtained theoretical results

Cationic vesicles for efficient shRNA transfection in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

Pardis Mokhtary,1,2 Bita Javan,1,3 Mahrokh Sharbatkhari,4 Alireza Soltani,5 Vahid Erfani-Moghadam1,2 1Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 2Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 3Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 4R&D Section, Arya Tina Gene Biopharmaceutical Company, Gorgan, Iran; 5Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Introduction: Novel and safe delivery solutions for RNAi therapeutics are essential to obtain the full potential of cancer gene therapy. Methods: In this study, cationic vesicular nanocarrier was applied for delivering lnc urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (lnc UCA1) shRNA expression vector to MCF-7 cells. The physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency of cationic vesicles prepared from various molar ratios of amphiphilic surfactant Tween 80 (T), squalene (S), cationic charge lipid didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, and polyethylenimine were investigated. The particle sizes of the vesicles in the nanosize range were determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Gel protection assay with agarose gel electrophoresis showed cationic vesicles can protect the shRNA plasmid from DNase 1 enzyme. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, inner salt result showed no significant cytotoxicity was caused in MCF-7 cancer cell line by (T:S):polyethylenimine cationic vesicles. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, inner salt assay, fluorescence microscope images, and flow cytometry analyses confirmed that (T:S)1,040 µM with 4.3 µg/mL of PEI vesicles provided effective transfection without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we found efficient UCA1 shRNA transfection and significant (P<0.05) cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells. Conclusion: The novel nonviral vesicular nanocarrier, (T:S)1,040 µM with 4.3 µg/mL of PEI, might be safe and efficient for cancer gene therapy and can be used in further in vitro and in vivo studies. Keywords: cationic vesicles, shRNA, UCA1, apoptosis, gene deliver

Cationic vesicles for efficient shRNA transfection in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

Introduction: Novel and safe delivery solutions for RNAi therapeutics are essential to obtain the full potential of cancer gene therapy. Methods: In this study, cationic vesicular nanocarrier was applied for delivering lnc urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (lnc UCA1) shRNA expression vector to MCF-7 cells. The physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency of cationic vesicles prepared from various molar ratios of amphiphilic surfactant Tween 80 (T), squalene (S), cationic charge lipid didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, and polyethylenimine were investigated. The particle sizes of the vesicles in the nanosize range were determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Gel protection assay with agarose gel electrophoresis showed cationic vesicles can protect the shRNA plasmid from DNase 1 enzyme. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, inner salt result showed no significant cytotoxicity was caused in MCF-7 cancer cell line by (T:S):polyethylenimine cationic vesicles. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, inner salt assay, fluorescence microscope images, and flow cytometry analyses confirmed that (T:S)1,040 μM with 4.3 μg/mL of PEI vesicles provided effective transfection without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we found efficient UCA1 shRNA transfection and significant (P<0.05) cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells. Conclusion: The novel nonviral vesicular nanocarrier, (T:S)1,040 μM with 4.3 μg/mL of PEI, might be safe and efficient for cancer gene therapy and can be used in further in vitro and in vivo studies